CITATION: A Love Story

(This is the third of a five part series.)

Out of 114 three-year-olds, Citation, winter book favorite for the 1948 Kentucky Derby, was given high weight of 126 pounds on the Experimental Handicap by John B. Campbell, the racing secretary at the Metropolitan Jockey Club. Two stablemates also were notable on this list. Bewitch received high weight of 121 pounds, taking into consideration the five pound gender allowance, while Free America was also among the leaders. Although flattering to the horse at the top, Citation's assignment was six pounds below Count Fleet's Experimental 132 pounds for 1943, still the highest figure ever given.

PART THREE: RACING IMMORTALITY

A Fast Start

Citation's first four races as a three-year-old were at Hialeah, beginning on February 2, 1948 in a six furlong allowance, also known as the Ground Hog Purse. It was worth $5,000, and Albert Snider was back aboard the two-year-old champion. The affair was supposed to be a tune-up for Citation's later appearance in the Flamingo Stakes at the end of the month, but he would have plenty to do before that. Citation would begin his campaign against older horses, including his stablemate and reigning Horse of the Year Armed. Breaking from post two, with Armed just outside of him, among a field of seven, Citation was kept off the pace by Snider before making his bid going around the far turn. He passed five-year-old Kitchen Police and hit the finish by three-quarters of a length in a solid 1:10 2/5. Armed had broken slow, needed time to get going, and had to settle for sixth. It was the third start on the year for Armed, now seven, and carrying 130 pounds to Citation's 113. It was still a noteworthy performance for the young Citation, who was biologically two-years-old until April, but according to the Thoroughbred calendar had turned a year older on January 1. The winner pocketed $3,250.

Citation returned nine days later in the seven furlong Seminole Handicap, assigned 112 pounds, and prevailed by a length over four-year-old Delegate. Only a neck farther back was Armed, who finished a credible third, while conceding sixteen pounds to Citation and five to Delegate. Citation had broken well, and stayed close to the action, before eventually bounding away in a time of 1:23 flat, with $8,525 of the purse going to him.

On February 18, Citation finally faced his own age group in the 1 1/8 mile Everglades Handicap. He was assigned 126 pounds, but only two other horses ran, Hypnos, under a feathery 109, and Silverling, at 112. The contest was worth $10,000, with $7,200 to the winner. Hypnos led for much of the way, setting brisk fractions of :22 3/5 for the quarter, :45 3/5 at the half, and six furlongs in 1:10 3/5. Citation then drew even and went ahead. Hypnos made another game challenge in the stretch until Citation put him away for keeps, and crossed the finish a length to the good in 1:49.

Citation's next outing would be the 1 1/8 mile Flamingo Stakes. Hypnos and Silverling would also run among the field of eight. Citation, breaking from post five, carried high weight of 126, with the swift Saggy, in post one, getting 122. The others were assigned 118. Saggy broke alertly and took the lead. Citation was just off in third, before eventually splitting horses and romping home by six lengths in 1:48 4/5, only a few ticks off the track record. Big Dial arrived next, followed by Saggy.

Citation and Snider were a perfect fit; but after the Flamingo, they would never ride together again.

Gone Fishing

Albert Snider was probably as good a jockey as any who ever sat on the back of a horse. At the very least, Snider was superb for a horse who would rapidly become a superstar. After the Flamingo Stakes, and before the big spring races still ahead, Snider had planned a fishing trip with two other men, off the Florida Keys. Upon his return, he would resume riding Citation into the Triple Crown. But on that fishing trip, the men were apparently caught in a severe storm and perished. A massive search and rescue team vainly tried to locate the missing individuals but their efforts had to finally be abandoned. Snider left behind a wife, young daughter and a grieving racing community. Snider's companions, lost with him, were Don Frazier of Toronto, and trainer C.H. Trotter.

Calumet and Jimmy Jones were temporarily without a rider for Citation, but with their reputation and resources, they could afford to go after the best and get it. And that meant Eddie Arcaro.

“The Master”

Eddie Arcaro wasn't called “The Master” for nothing. He was simply the best rider of his time and quite possibly the greatest American jockey ever. Arcaro started racing in the early 1930s, teamed up with Ben Jones in 1938 to win the Kentucky Derby with Lawrin, then swept all three classics three years later for Jones, aboard Calumet's Whirlaway. The Cincinnati born Arcaro won the Derby again in 1945 with Fred Hooper's Hoop Jr. Arcaro now hopped aboard Citation's back and it was another match made in Heaven; but not immediately.

Chesapeake Trial

Arcaro teamed with Citation in the colt's next race, the six furlong Chesapeake Trial at Havre de Grace. For Citation, it was a return to the old stomping grounds where he began his career in 1947. He would face a small field of five other three-year-olds, including Saggy, who had set a world record as a two-year-old in the 5 ½ furlong Aberdeen Stakes on the same Maryland track. This was Citation's third start at Havre de Grace and he had yet to see fast surface conditions. His two previous starts had sloppy and good surfaces and for the Trial he would race in the mud. Coming away with two previous wins at the venue, this day would be different. After breaking first, he dropped back to fourth as Saggy and Hefty vied for the lead. Hefty ran out of steam and Saggy went on as Citation made his move to catch him turning for home. Hefty bore out and apparently took Citation with him. Citation, having to cover more ground from a wide trip, couldn't catch Saggy in time, falling a length short at the finish. He hadn't lost to a weak adversary either and Saggy had just posted his eighth win in twelve starts. It was the only time Citation would lose all year.

Turf King

Citation met Saggy five days later in the 1 1/16 mile Chesapeake Stakes. It was a small field of four runners and Citation, Saggy and Dr. Almac took turns sharing the lead until the final turn when Citation turned up the heat and spurted away. Bovard also rallied but finished a distant second as Citation hit the wire more than four lengths ahead in a time of 1:45 4/5 over a good track. Dr. Almac was third, with Saggy trailing.

Citation's next stop was the one mile Derby Trial at Churchill Downs on April 27. He faced three horses, and won easily by a length and a quarter over a fast track. His reputation had soared so high that he was starting to scare off opponents. But Citation wasn't the only one  scaring off other horses. There was another colt, residing in the same Calumet barn, who was a rising star himself. Although he was originally entered in the Trial, Jones subsequently scratched him. In any other year, he might have been racing's biggest star. He was so good and so fast, that he set records, earned a championship in successive seasons, and would carry weight successfully as an older horse. He was truly great and ultimately found his way into the Racing Hall of Fame. But as a three-year-old, in the same stable, he was only second best. His name was Coaltown.

Coaltown

Another son of Bull Lea, the bay colt Coaltown was out of the Bleinheim II mare Easy Lass. Because of respiratory problems, Coaltown never even raced at age two. His primary weapon was his devastating speed but he could also win going a distance of ground. Coaltown made his sophomore debut on February 3, 1948 in a six furlong Maiden Special Weight at Hiahleah and won by two and a half lengths, in 1:11 2/5. Jones reeled him back twenty-three days later and he destroyed ten rivals in an allowance, covering six furlongs in 1:09 3/5, to equal the track record. Leading from just after the start, his margin of victory was twelve lengths.

Coaltown went back and forth between Jimmy and father Ben and had three different jockeys in his first three starts. On April 8, he went to Keeneland where he defeated seven others on a good surface, negotiating six furlongs in 1:12. Two weeks later, Coaltown would have the services of rider Newbold L. Pierson for the rest of the year. The colt put his three race winning streak on the line as he entered post five among six starters for the 1 1/8 mile Blue Grass Stakes. He led from start to finish, setting a track record of 1:49 1/5. Undefeated in four starts, Coaltown had never felt the whip. Finally, on the first Saturday in May, Calumet's two great colts, Coaltown and Citation would race each other for the first time.

Dominance

The six-horse field for the 74^th edition of America's most famous horse race was the smallest since 1907. Four brave runners would attempt to neutralize the power of Citation and Coaltown, among them, My Request, who was riding an unbeaten string thus far that year, including a victory in the Wood Memorial. Because the management feared a minus pool, they eliminated place and show betting. The Calumet entry was 1-5 for the $111,450 race. Coaltown would undoubtedly break on top and set the pace while Citation stayed back and bid his time. No game plan could have been written more accurately.

With Citation on the rail and Coaltown alongside him, they both broke fast. Citation was then dropped back in second, while Coaltown took a commanding lead. He was quickly ahead by six lengths, and cut out fractions of :23 3/5, :46 3/5, and 1:11 2/5, before hitting a mile in 1:38. Citation was still running second but well behind, with time and yardage starting to run out. He now had the daunting task of trying to catch one of the fastest horses in the world, who was far in front on an uncontested lead. Logic would say, no matter how good he was, it couldn't be done.

Nearing the far turn, Citation was closing the gap between himself and the speedster. As the pair rounded the bend, Citation was moving faster, catching Coaltown, before going ahead, and rapidly drawing away in the stretch. He crossed the wire three and a half lengths in front with Coaltown next, three lengths to the good of My Request. Previous rains had pelted the Churchill Downs track, creating sloppy conditions, and Citation's final clocking was a very slow 2:05 2/5 for the 1 1/4 miles, well short of Whirlaway's stakes record. Citation took home $83,400 of the purse, boosting his season total to over $176,000 and two year sum to nearly $332,000.

What would Citation do next to match a performance like that?

Encore

Coaltown bypassed the remaining Triple Crown races and instead won Belmont Park's seven furlong Swift Stakes on May 19 by six lengths. Four days earlier, Citation, running on a heavy Pimlico track caused by rainy weather, faced just three horses, all whom he had beaten already, in the 72^nd running of the 1 3/16 mile Preakness Stakes. In 1943, Count Fleet had also faced just three challengers. In 1882, '83, and '89, the race was contested by only two horses. Those for the 1948 edition were all new to the Triple Crown and included King Ranch's Better Self, winner of five of eight starts as a juvenile, runner-up to Citation in the Pimlico Futurity, and returning at age three to finish third in the Wood Memorial. The others were C.V. Whitney's Vulcan's Forge and Sylvester W. Labrot's Bovard, the latter bred in Maryland, and sired by England's last Triple Crown winner for thirty-five years, Bahram. Bovard had two things in common with Citation. He could apparently run under various surface conditions, and was supplemented into the race. The similiarities ended there. After the field was off, Citation made a mockery of the affair, taking the lead and drawing away by five and a half lengths at the wire, in a slow, albeit easily done, 2:02 2/5. Vulcan's Forge was next another three and a half lengths ahead of Bovard who just managed to get his neck ahead of Better Self. Another Jones runner, Faultless, had taken the race the previous year. Of the $134,870 purse, Citation collected $91,870 and boosted his career earnings to $423,700.

The spacing between that year's Preakness and third Triple Crown race, the Belmont Stakes, was four weeks. In the interim, Jimmy entered Citation in the 1 ¼ mile Jersey Stakes at Garden State Park on May 29. Carrying the classic weight of 126 pounds against four others, Citation cruised into the lead around the far turn, and gradually widened it, hitting the finish eleven lengths ahead with a new track record of 2:03. He earned $43,300 of the $50,000 prize money, and his new total of $467,000 lifted him past Seabiscuit into fifth place among the all-time money leaders. Still ahead of him were Stymie, Armed, Assault and Whirlaway; but Citation was closing fast.

Meanwhile on the same day at Belmont Park, Vulcan's Forge, whom Citaton had easily handled in the Preakness, upset Coaltown in the one mile Withers Stakes.

Triple Sweep

Citation worked out the day before the 80^th running of the 1 1/2 mile Belmont Stakes. Among the horses who would try and keep him from becoming the eighth Triple Crown winner were Escadru, who had won the Peter Pan; Yankee Handicap victor Better Self; Gasparilla; Vulcan's Forge; Salmagundi; the Sam Riddle colt Faraway; and Golden Light. Before a crowd of more than 43,000, on a sunny, humid day, Citation broke from post one, and stumbled as he left the gate. He was quickly gathered up by Arcaro, led every step except for a brief encounter with Faraway, before opening up an insurmontable lead, hitting the wire eight lengths ahead of Better Self, with Escadru next. Citation had equaled Count Fleet's stakes record of 2:28 1/5, while pocketing $77,000 of the $117,300 purse; and his career account to that point showed $544,700.

This was the second Triple Crown sweep for Calumet Farm and Eddie Arcaro, in addition to being the rider's fourth Belmont Stakes win. They had a horse who was unstoppable and Citation would continue his onslaught through the summer and fall races, mowing down any and all opponents who dared face him.

Horse of Steel

The accolades were pouring in for Citation as well as ongoing comparisons with Man o'War. Many of the same grandiose terms once used in describing Man o'War were now being expressed about Citation.

In a period of nine weeks Citation had raced seven times, including four starts within the Triple Crown series, and won virtually every race with consumate ease. After the Belmont Stakes, he returned approximately three weeks later for the 1 1/8 mile Stars & Stripes Handicap at Arlington Park against a good field of older horses. Among nine runners, Citation won by two lengths in a time of 1:49 1/5 to equal Armed's 1947 track record. His bankroll swelled, with more single season earnings than any horse in history, and a career total of $582,700, putting him past Whirlaway.

Citation was to run next in the Arlington Classic but he pulled a hip muscle in a mishap outside his barn. He returned in good form on August 21, in a six furlong allowance at Washington Park, and won in a solid 1:10 4/5. Seven days later, under 126 pounds, Citation won the 1 ¼ mile American Derby by a length over Free America with Volcanic in third, both runners getting eight pounds from Citation.

Incredible

Citation stands in the sport's highest pantheon as a result of many accomplisments. One of his greatest occurred over three days at Belmont Park in early autumn. On September 29, the colt lined up against five opponents for the Sysonby Mile, breaking from post six. In his usual manner, the handsome bay made his move coming into the far turn, turned up the heat in the stretch before being throttled down approaching the wire. His winning margin was three lengths. Following him at the finish was the four-year-old filly First Flight, who crossed the wire a neck ahead of Coaltown. Of the $29,250 purse, Citation collected $20,200. Three days later, Citation returned for the two mile Jockey Club Gold Cup, with six rivals breaking on his inside. Trying to beat him would be C.V. Whitney and Abe Hewitt's four-year-old Phalanx, the previous year's winner. When the group was off, Citation went right to the front, never threatened, and scampered home by seven lengths. Phalanx was next followed by Beauchef. Citation stopped the timer in 3:21 3/5, the same as Phalanx in 1947 and Whirlaway in 1942. The race, worth $108,800, netted Citation $72,700 increasing his career money to $744,650. Now only Stymie and Armed were ahead of him in earnings.

More Gold

Citation's next start was fourteen days later in Belmont Park's weight-for-age Empire City Gold Cup, a thirteen furlong race (1 5/8 miles). Under 119 pounds, he was part of a field of nine, including Phalanx, who after conceding seven pounds to Citation in the previous contest, now had to do it again. Sent off as a 1-10 favorite, Citation won by two lengths over Phalanx with Carolyn A., five lengths further back in third. His share of the purse was $75,600 bringing his career total to $820,250, passing Armed as the second richest Thoroughbred in history. Only Stymie, with earnings of $911,335, was richer.

The Walkover

Citation made his next start at Pimlico for the 1 3/16 mile Pimlico Special. Nobody else bothered to show up. Arcaro kept him under wraps, then let him breeze the last two furlongs, when he finished in a leisurely 1:59 4/5. It was a $10,000 payday for the stroll around the oval.

The comparisons between Citation and Man o'War continued.

Heading West

Citation had achieved the status of racing immortal. The plan was to bring him back in early 1949 for Santa Anita's Maturity Stakes on January 29, followed by the Santa Anita Handicap. But before he was done as a three-year-old, Gene Mori, a friend of Jimmy Jones, had asked him to bring Citation out to Tanforan in Northern California. Mori, a racetrack owner, had added Tanforan to his collection. Citation made his way to California for two more starts, the first in a six furlong allowance, also known as the San Jose Purse, worth $5,000, on December 3. The surface was muddy and Citation swept by four other three-year-olds and won by a length and a half in a time of 1:12. Carrying 126 pounds, he had spotted runner-up Bold Gallant fourteen pounds and third finisher Barsard seventeen.

Tanforan Handicap

Citation returned eight days later for the 1 ¼ mile Tanforan Handicap. Conceding weight, he easily disposed of six runners in track record time of 2:02 4/5 on a good surface. For his five length win, the Bull Lea son made $31,800 bringing his overall earnings to $865,150. His epic three-year-old campaign was now finished.

Unbeknown to Mori, the Tanforan track had been “fortified” with concrete because of a problem with water run-off. Although Citation had once again drubbed his peers, Arcaro sensed that his mount did not like the track. Sometime after the race Citation's left front leg began bothering him. It soon became apparent why. The colt had developed an inflamatory condition with calcification called an osselet. In an effort to promote circulation and thus healing, a cautery procedure known as “pin firing” was done. It didn't help.

In 1948, this fabulous racehorse, Citation, made 20 starts, posted 19 wins, sixteen of these in stakes, one second after a compromised trip, and earned $709,470. He had defeated older horses seven times. He raced on nine different racetracks, over a variety of surface conditions, in seven different states, from coast to coast. He set records while easily defeating many of racing's best runners. He was voted 1948 Horse of the Year, three-year-old champion, three-year-old champion male, and handicap champion. Coaltown was named champion sprinter.

But now, in his last race of the year, Citation had been hurt; and he needed rest. After two dominant years of racing, with a resume showing 29 starts, 27 wins, two seconds, and earnings of $865,150, what more did he really need to prove as an older horse?

To be continued...

Resources

"Winter Book Derby Favorite" (from photo), The Independent, January 6, 1948.

U.P. "Calumet Dominates," St. Joseph News-Press, January 12, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation, Armed Will Clash,” San Antonio Express, February 2, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Wins Ground Hog Purse at 1-5 as Stablemate Armed Finishes Sixth,” The New York Times, February 3, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Will Be Horse To Watch In Kentucky Derby,” The Daily Mail, February 3, 1948.

James Roach. “Citation Annexes Seminole With Armed Third at Hialeah,” The New York Times, February 12, 1948.

Associated Press. “Seminole Handicap Is Won By Citation,” Joplin Globe, February 12, 1948.

James Roach. “Citation Takes Everglades Handicap for 11^th Victory in 12 Starts,” The New York Times, February 19, 1948.

James Roach. “Coaltown, 3-10 Choice, Equals Hialeah Track Mark for Six Furlongs; Calumet Sprinter Wins From Quebec,” The New York Times, February 27, 1948.

James Roach. “Calumet Colt 1-5 For Hialeah Race; Citation Seeks 12^th Score in 13 Starts Against 7 Rivals for $44,500 Top Prize,” The New York Times, February 28, 1948.

Associated Press. “Favored Citation Wins Rich Flamingo Stakes,” Joplin Globe, February 29, 1948.

James Roach. “Citation, 1-5, Beats Big Dial With Ease In $62,100 Flamingo,” The New York Times, February 29, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Rates 'Peake Choice,” The Charleston Gazette, April 12, 1948.

Associated Press. “Saggy Badly Whips Citation,” The News, April 13, 1948.

Associated Press. “Saggy Registers Upset Over Citation in Sprint at Havre de Grace,” The New York Times, April 13, 1948.

Associated Press. “Chesapeake Stakes Rubber Duel For Saggy, Citation,” Portland Press Herald, April 17, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Favored Over Saggy Today,” The New York Times, April 17, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Tops In Chesapeake Stakes Travel,” The Anniston Star, April 18, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation, 1-5, First In The Chesapeake,” The New York Times, April 18, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Top Favorite In Derby Trial At Churchill Downs Today,” Lubbock Morn. Avalanche, April 27, 1948.

U.P., “Small Field For Derby Predicted,” Lubbock Morn. Avalanche, April 27, 1948.

James Roach. “Derby Trial Draws Slim Line-Up Against Odds-On Citation Today,” The New York Times, April 27, 1948.

James Roach. “Citation Beats Three Rivals in Mile Derby Trial at Churchill Downs,” The New York Times, April 28, 1948.

John Chandler (A.P.). “Small Field Is Indicated For Derby Classic,” Moberly Monitor, April 28, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation and Coaltown Favorites In Kentucky Derby This Afternoon,” Joplin Globe, May 1, 1948.

James Roach. “Six Named for Kentucky Derby Today With No Place or Show Pools,” The New York Times, May 1, 1948.

James Roach. “My Request Third; Arcaro Rides and Jones Saddles Fourth Derby Winner in Citation,” The New York Times, May 2, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Captures Derby Going Away,” Oakland Tribune, May 2, 1948.

Associated Press. “Mud, Citation Cut Preakness Entries,” Daily Capital News, May 14, 1948.

George Bowen. “Citation 'Sure' Winner In Preakness Today – If You Go By Turf Records,” Indiana Evening Gazette, May 15, 1948.

John Chandler (A.P.). “Four Horses Seek Preakness Prize,” The Salt Lake Tribune, May 15, 1948.

James Roach. “Calumet Colt Set For $134,870 Race,” The New York Times, May 15, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Romps to Easy Victory in Preakness Stake,” The Corpus Christi Caller-Times, May 16, 1948.

James Roach. “Big Calumet Day; Citation Earns $91,870 to Round Out Record $169,670 Total,” The New York Times, May 16, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Among 6 In Jersey Stakes,” The New York Times, May 29, 1948.

“Citation Sets Mark; Coaltown Fails Withers,” Waterloo Sunday Courier, May 30, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Now 5^th Among Leading Winners,” The Post-Standard, May 31, 1948.

Joseph C. Nichols. “Citation Is First By Ten Lengths,” The New York Times, May 30, 1948.

Leo H. Petersen. “Citation Goes Out After Turf Immortality,” The Wisconsin State Journal, June 12, 1948.

James Roach. “Citation Favored in 80^th Belmont Stakes Today,” The New York Times, June 12, 1948.

James Roach. “Colt Ties Record; Citation Wins 1 ½-Mile Belmont in 2:28 1/5 for Triple Crown,” The New York Times, June 13, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Scores Seventh Win In Row Before 46,490,” Portland Press Herald, July 6, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Annexes Stars And Stripes,” The New York Times, July 6, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Tops Big Chicago Card Today,” Portland Press Herald, August 21, 1948.

Associated Press. “Star Hoofer Recovers From Injury,” Kingsport Times-News, August 22, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Triumphs in Chicago Dash And Colosal Annexes $43,950 Races,” The New York Times, August 22, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Tops Field In American Derby,” The New York Times, August 28, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation and Free America Finish One, Two As 1-10 Choice in $88,750 American Derby,” The New York Times, August 29, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Going In Sysonby Mile Today,” Morning Herald, September 29, 1948.

John Chandler (A.P.). “Citation Still Rules Roost And Continues to Add Dough,” Lowell Sun, September 30, 1948.

James Roach. “Citation Wins From First Flight in $29,250 Sysonby Mile at Belmont Park,” The New York Times, September 30, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation Expected To Romp Home Today,” Syracuse Herald Journal, October 2, 1948.

Associated Press. “Eddie Arcaro Steers Citation to Easy Eight-length Belmont Victory,” Long Beach Press-Telegram, October 3, 1948.

James Roach. “Citation First by 8 Lengths In $108,800 Gold Cup Race,” The New York Times, October 3, 1948.

James Roach. “Citation Heads Field of 10 in $112,700 Gold Cup Race at Belmont Park Today,” The New York Times, October 16, 1948.

Associated Press. “Empire Cup Race Goes To Citation,” Kingsport Times-News, October 17, 1948.

James Roach. “Citation Captures Gold Cup By 2 Lengths Over Phalanx,” The New York Times, October 17, 1948.

Associated Press. “Special Walkover For Citation Today,” The New York Times, October 29, 1948.

George Bowen (A.P.). “Crown Citation Race King At Pimlico Today,” The Lowell Sun, October 29, 1948.

Associated Press. “Cancer Fund Gets Citation's $10,000,” The New York Times, October 30, 1948.

Associated Press. “Man o'War Or Citation Better? May Take Years To Find Out,” Hutchinson News-Herald, November 9, 1948.

U.P. “Citation, 4 Others In Coast Dash Today,” The New York Times, December 3, 1948.

Associated Press. “Champion Annexes West Coast Debut,” The New York Times, December 4, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation 1-10 Shot In Field Of 7 Today,” The New York Times, December 11, 1948.

Associated Press. “Citation, 1-20, Sets Tanforan Record in 5-Length Score,” The New York Times, December 12, 1948.

Associated Press. “Doctor 'Fires' Horse's Leg,” Long Beach Press-Telegram, December 30, 1948.

Pohla Smith. Citation Thoroughbred Legends, No. 3 (Lexington, KY: Eclipse Press, 2000).

Thoroughbred Champions: Top 100 Racehorses of the 20^th Century (Lexington, KY: The Blood-Horse, Inc., 1999).

Daily Racing Form. Champions: The Lives, Times, and Past Performances of America's Greatest Thoroughbreds. Revised Edition. Champions from 1893-2004 (New York: Daily Racing Form Press, 2005).

Thoroughbred Times Co., Inc., The Original Thoroughbred Times Racing Almanac 2009 (Lexington, KY: Thoroughbred Times Books, 2008).

Copyright 2011, 2012 by John Califano

CITATION: A Love Story

(This is the second of a five part series.)

The year of Citation's birth, 1945, was one of the most pivotal in human history. It was a time of devastating trauma, profound sadness, joyful celebration, hope, and a period which steered the course of the second half of the Twentieth Century. The War in Europe reached its end in the spring but the Pacific conflict raged on into summer. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, first voted into the White House in 1932, implemented social and public works programs that helped lift the country out of the economic malaise of the Great Depression; and on December 8, 1941, asked Congress to declare war on Japan in the wake of Pearl Harbor. Roosevelt, known as F.D.R., the only Chief Executive to serve three terms and part of a fourth, who guided the nation through nearly four years of wartime, and considered by many historians as one of the greatest of all presidents, died of a cerebral hemorrhage on April 12, 1945. Vice-President Harry S. Truman, who had never been the President's confidant, was immediately sworn in as the nation's 34^th Commander In Chief. With an epic responsibilty thrust upon him, Truman made the excrutiating decision to order atomic strikes that leveled two Japanese cities, Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, and Nagasaki, three days later, killing countless thousands of people, and bringing World War II finally to an end. In the aftermath came the emergence of two superpowers, the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the dawn of the nuclear age, and accompanying angst of the Cold War. In October 1945, the United Nations came into existence in hopes of promoting a lasting universal peace, but it would be a guarded peace, and one not easily achieved.

Meanwhile in the Kentucky heartland, oblivious to the enormous tides of cultural, social and global change swirling around them, were the Thoroughbred foals of 1945, including a colt destined to win sixteen races in a row. But for the time being, Citation , taking his first baby steps, before romping playfully in a paddock with his dam, Hydroplane II, was just another member of the year's crop.

PART TWO: JUVENILE BRILLIANCE

Juggernaut

Citation was bred and foaled in Lexington, Kentucky, at Warren Wright's Calumet Farm. Named after the family's baking powder company, Calumet was founded in 1924 by Wright's father, William Monroe Wright, who bred and raced Standardbreds for harness racing. In 1931, the year of William's death, their horse, Calumet Butler, won the Hambletonian Stakes. Warren soon converted Calumet into a Thoroughbred operation and by 1933 had his first stakes winner, Hadagal, and the following year, his first champion, the filly Nellie Flag, whose dam was Nellie Morse, the fourth filly to win the Preakness Stakes in 1924, a feat that would stand untouched until Rachel Alexandra came home first in 2009. Nellie Flag and Nellie Morse were tail-female ancestors of champion and dual classic winner Bold Forbes, and Lady Golconda, the dam of Forego.

Calumet Farm became the most dominant Thoroughbred operation in American racing history. During the 1930s, Wright made some very important and wise decisions which would ultimately lift his farm to the top of the ladder. His first was the purchase of Bull Lea; the second was acquiring an interest in the English stallion Bleinheim II; and the third was hiring Ben Jones and his son, Horace A.“Jimmy” Jones, two of the best horsemen in the game. Having won the 1938 Kentucky Derby with Woolford Farm's Lawrin, Ben and Jimmy would do considerably more aboard Wright's bandwagon. The Calumet juggernaut was thus underway and Bleinheim II was the first to get it rolling.

The same year of Lawrin's Derby win, a chestnut colt by Bleinheim II, out of the Sweep mare Dustwhirl, was foaled at Calumet. One of the most colorful, loveable, and also wacky racehorses to enchant the racing public, he won the Triple Crown in 1941. His margin of victory in the Run for the Roses was eight lengths, a record he still shares with three others, and his finishing time of 2:01 2/5 stood alone until Decidedly equaled it in 1962, and Northern Dancer (CAN.) eclipsed it two years later. In a four year career, the popular horse started sixty times, posting thirty-two wins, fifteen seconds, and nine thirds, with forty-four of those races in stakes company. He also bankrolled $561,161, a large pile of dough in those days. Affectionately known as “Whirly,” or “Mr. Longtail,” Whirlaway was Calumet's first big star and a dual Horse of the Year in 1941-42.

In 1944, another Calumet runner, the Hyperion (GB) chestnut colt Pensive, became a dual classic winner, and finished second in the Belmont Stakes, while Bull Lea's daughter, Twilight Tear, was named Horse of the Year, three-year-old champion filly and champion handicap female. In the decade of the 1940s alone, Calumet runners would bring home the Horse of the Year trophy five times, a winner of the Triple Crown twice, and scores of championships.

Beginning of a Good Horse

Two-year-old Citation was part of the Calumet army of warriors ready to defeat all adversaries on the field of battle. But the emphasis wasn't primarily on him but rather on getting all the youngsters racing and succeeding, being the first at the finish and subsequently the first at the bank. It didn't take much effort.

On April 22, 1947, a Canadian rider named Albert Snider, would go four for four on the day at Havre de Grace racetrack in Maryland. One of the contests he won was race three, a four and a half furlong maiden special weight for two-year-olds and underneath him was Citation in his debut. Part of an eleven horse field on a sloppy track, the colt broke behind the leader, maintained a position in third, before eventually forging ahead to win by a half length, with Sunday Beau and Brass Band following. The winner's time was a brisk :54 2/5.

Citation and Snider returned less than two weeks later and won a five furlong allowance at Pimlico, creating three and a half lengths of separation, over five other juveniles. On May 21, the pair was back at Havre de Grace where Citation annexed the five furlong Perry Point Stakes, by a length and a half on a track labeled good, giving the second and third finishers six and three pounds respectively.

Citation was next scheduled to run in the Eastern Shore Stakes the following Monday, but instead spiked a temperature and was sidelined for the next two months. When he returned on July 24, for a five furlong allowance at Arlington Park, jockey Doug Dodson was on his back. In a field of eight, Citation sat in fourth, then closed rapidly to win by a half length, setting a track mark of :58 flat. Dodson retained the mount and steered the colt to another victory one week later in Washington Park's six furlong Elementary Stakes. Against nine rivals, Citation broke alertly, sat behind the early leader Pinebloom, before making his bid approaching home. He drew away by two lengths, under 122 pounds, conceding twelve to runner-up Salmagundi and nine to Billings in third. He was now undefeated in five starts. Next on Citation's agenda was the Washington Futurity and two of his stablemates, Free America and the small filly Bewitch, would also run.

Bewitch

The brown Bewitch, by Bull Lea out of the Wildair mare Potheen, was currently as bright a star as Citation, and perhaps brighter. Bewitch made her racing debut over Keeneland's inner dirt track, in a four furlong maiden special weight on April 10, 1947. Under Dodson, she broke fifth, then quickly assumed the lead and romped home by six lengths against ten opponents. She returned one week later against males, again going four furlongs on the same surface, and defeated Circus Clown by a neck with the filly Hilda, six lengths farther back in third. Approximately two weeks later, Bewitch dazzled her division at Churchill Downs in the five furlong Debutante, running off by eight lengths.

Ben Jones now turned over the filly's handling to Jimmy. Bewitch returned in open company on June 16 at Arlington Park in the Hyde Park Stakes, in a field of twelve. Travelling five and a half furlongs, she broke behind the leader, but quickly too charge and was never seen again, hitting the wire by another eight length margin, while giving the second and third place male finishers three pounds each. She continued her onslaught, winning her next three races, the five and a half furlong Polyanna, six furlong Arlington Lassie, and Washington Park's six furlong Princess Pat by a combined ten and three-quarter lengths.

1,2,3

Citation, Bewitch and Free America met up as a Calumet three-horse entry for the Washington Park Futurity on August 16 and the filly, under 119, carried a pound more than the other two. Jimmy had three young, developing horses, and all he was interested in doing was sweeping the race. This wasn't one horse against the other, but rather the Calumet team against everybody else. As long as his runners were 1,2,3, down the lane and kept at it, it didn't matter what order they finished. Steve Brooks rode Citation. Jack Westrope was under Free America, who was three for four coming into the race. In a field of ten, Bewitch, under Dodson, took the lead after the break and kept it, streaking the six furlongs in a fast 1:10 2/5, with Citation a length behind, followed closely by Free America, a head back. It was an important win for Bewitch, now eight for eight, and with the $63,150 she cashed, her career earnings stood at $206,875. She was now just $12,125 shy of the world juvenile money record set by the filly Top Flight in 1931, when she amassed $219,000.

Citation, experiencing defeat for the first time, had his five race win streak snapped. Could he have beaten his female stablemate if asked? Could Free America have won? Or was the outcome by design? The answer was probably yes and no. While the riders had been given specific instructions, Bewitch's win was no fluke. She took charge immediately out of the gate and kept to her task. She had also put her brilliance on display repeatedly over the last five months and would later earn a year-end championship. Bewitch and Citation would race against each other several more times during their careers, but this day belonged to her. She finally suffered her first loss at the end of September, after actually winning the Matron Stakes; however, she ran erratically, was disqualified and placed last. Dodson was also suspended.

Moving Forward

Citation now made his first trip to New York to face thirteen runners in Belmont Park's six furlong Futurity Trial on September 30. Contested on the Widener Course, he broke from post two with Snider back aboard. Running into a strong wind, the son of Bull Lea won by a good length in 1:11, as the second choice behind My Request, who finished seventh. Citation was now six for seven.

On October 4, twelve males and two females stepped into the gate for the fifty-eighth running of the Belmont Futurity, over 6 1/2 furlongs, with the Calumet entry of Citation and Bewitch favored. Citation was off well, and Snider tucked him back in third. The colt made his bid approaching the wire, bounding away by three lengths in a time of 1:15 4/5 over the fast track. It appeared that Bewitch would gain the place spot but Whirling Fox, a son of Whirlaway, with a strong late rush in the closing yards, snatched it away by a neck. Of the $106,030 purse, Citation netted $78,430 to boost his earnings to $119,005. Bewitch made less than $7,000 for her third place finish, leaving her still $5,325 short of Top Flight.

On November 8, Citation was back in Maryland at Pimlico, and entered starting stall four among a small field of five for the one and one-sixteenth mile Pimlico Futurity. Dodson was again in the irons and it would be the young horse's first time going a route of ground. He sat off the pace for several furlongs as the fractions over a muddy track were :23 4/5, :48 3/5, and six furlongs in 1:14. It was nearly time for Citation to move and with just over a furlong to go, he caught the Eddie Arcaro ridden Better Self, then advanced ahead, before crossing the wire with a one and a half length margin in 1:48 4/5. Citation had earlier demonstrated adeptness over an off track, and he had now done it again going a distance. He also pocketed $36,675.

With the year's business concluded, the Calumet horses went to Florida where they would do their winter racing.

The Calumet Champions

As a two-year-old, Citation made nine starts, posting eight wins and one second for earnings of $155,680. The turf writers from Triangle Publications, publisher of Daily Racing Form, announced their year-end champions. Calumet's six-year-old brown gelding and Bull Lea son, Armed, already the previous year's handicap champion, repeated that honor in 1947; and by defeating the 1946 Triple Crown winner Assault in the Invitation Special at Belmont Park, Armed was voted Horse of the Year. Citation was named two-year-old champion colt and two-year-old champion, while Bewitch took two-year-old champion filly honors. She failed however to catch Top Flight's juvenile money earnings record, her year's bankroll stopping at $213,675.

The other voting group, Turf and Sport Digest, also named Armed as their Horse of the Year, after finishing second to Assault the year before. Citation was runner-up in the balloting but well back of Armed. Calumet also picked up divisional championships for Citation and Bewitch.

Calumet Farm earned a record $1,402,436 for the season and posted one hundred victories, its last win coming by a three-year-old claiming horse named Great Spirit.

Successor

One week before Citation closed out his two-year-old campaign, the sport was striken with a loss that would leave an enormous void. In one of the most solemn days in the history of Thoroughbred racing, on November 1, 1947, Man o'War died at the advanced age of thirty. The undisputed king of the American turf, Man o'War had reigned supreme as a racer, and later became an outstanding stallion, among his descendents, son War Admiral, the 1937 Triple Crown winner and Horse of the Year, and grandson Seabiscuit, Horse of the Year in 1938. Among the most revered horses of any breed, in any time, and spectacular winner of twenty of twenty-one races in 1919-20, Man o'War had a national radio broadcasted funeral attended by dignitaries inside and outside the racing world, who eulogized the flaming red colt from Faraway Farm. The magnificent horse had been the unreachable standard for all Thoroughbreds. The mere thought there could ever be a replacement for Man o'War was incomprehensible, his super equine feats beyond the ability of any racehorse.

Was it even remotely possible that someday such a horse would exist great enough to succeed Man o'War? His first championship collected, Citation was about to become not only Man o'War's worthy successor, but arguably his equal.

To Be Continued...

Resources

http://timelines.com/topics/franklin-delano-roosevelt-fdr

http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/harrystruman

http://www.un.org/aboutun/unhistory/

http://hiroshima-remembered.com/

http://www.calumetfarm.com/

Thoroughbred Times Co. Inc., The Original Thoroughbred Times Racing Almanac 2009 (Lexington, KY: Thoroughbred Times Books, 2008).

Associated Press. “Canadian Jockey Has Banner Day,” The Daily Messenger, April 23, 1947.

Associated Press, “Citation Favored In Coming Race,” Daily Times-News, May 22, 1947.

Associated Press, “Citation Speeds To Fifth Victory In Rich Stakes,” The New York Times, July 31, 1947.

Pohla Smith, Citation Thoroughbred Legends, No. 3 (Lexington, KY: Eclipse Press, 2000).

Phil Georgeff, Citation: In a Class by Himself (Lanham, MD: Taylor Trade Publishing, 2003).

Daily Racing Form, Champions: The Lives, Times, and Past Performances of America's Greatest Thoroughbreds. Revised Edition. Champions from 1893-2004. (New York: Daily Racing Form Press, 2005).

The Blood-Horse, Thoroughbred Champions: Top 100 Racehorses of the 20^th Century, (Lexington, KY: The Blood-Horse, Inc., 1999).

Associated Press, “Bewitch Seeking Earnings Record,” The Free Lance-Star, August 15, 1947.

Associated Press, “Unbeaten Bewitch Tries For 8^th Win At Chicago Track,” The Sandusky Register-Star-News, August 16, 1947.

Associated Press, “Calumet Trio Heads Futurity Field Today,” The New York Times, August 16, 1947.

Associated Press, “Calumet Entries Rate In Futurity,” The News-Palladium, August 16, 1947.

Associated Press, “Undefeated Bewitch Paces Calumet Trio To a Sweep of Washington Park Futurity,” The New York Times, August 17, 1947.

Associated Press. “Bewitch and Stablemates Finish 1-2-3 In Futurity,” The Post-Standard, August 17, 1947.

Associated Press, “Bewitch Is Winner In Rich Washington Park Futurity Race,” Joplin Globe, August 17, 1947.

Associated Press, “Citation Outruns Classy Juveniles In Belmont Race,” The Post-Standard, October 1, 1947.

James Roach, “Citation Takes Futurity Trial at Belmont Park,” The New York Times, October 1, 1947.

Associated Press, “Citation Gallops To Belmont Win,” Portland Press Herald, October 1, 1947.

Associated Press, “Citation Leads Racing Roundup,” The Spokesman-Review, October 1, 1947.

James Roach, “Bewitch and Citation Head Futurity Field Today,” The New York Times, October 4, 1947.

Associated Press, “Citation Takes $78,430 First Money In Winning At Belmont. Calumet Farm's Great Colt In Swift Victory,” Portland Sunday Telegram And Sunday Press Herald, October 5, 1947.

James Roach, “Calumet's Citation, Bewitch Run One, Three in Futurity, The New York Times, October 5, 1947.

Associated Press, “Citation Earns $78,430 Purse by Winning Belmont Futurity,” The Post-Standard, October 5, 1947.

Associated Press, “Loyal Legion Runs Third and Talon Fourth in $25,000 Added Contest---Citation Heads Futurity Field Today,” The New York Times, November 8, 1947.

Associated Press, “Citation Gallops To Futurity Win,” Portland Sunday Telegram and Sunday Press Herald, November 9, 1947.

Associated Press, “Citation, 2-5 Favorite, Annexes Rich Pimlico Futurity,” The New York Times, November 9, 1947.

Associated Press, “Calumet Farm Will Favor Florida,” Daytona Beach Morning Journal, November 21, 1947.

Associated Press, “Armed Is Chosen Horse of Year,” The Milwaukee Journal, November 29, 1947.

Associated Press, “Armed Is Proclaimed No. 1 Horse of Year,” Schenectady Gazette, November 29, 1947.

Associated Press, “Armed Elected '47's Best Horse,” The Free Lance-Star, December 16, 1947.

Associated Press, “Race Horses Belong in Front and That's Place for Calumet,” The Milwaukee Journal, December 31, 1947.

Copyright 2011, 2012 by John Califano

CITATION: A Love Story

(This is the first of a five part series.)

He began a storied career on an April day in 1947, at Havre de Grace racetrack in Maryland. After two campaigns, perhaps unsurpassed before or since in American racing, injury had finally caught up to the great horse. The later years marked a stark contrast to the dominance he had demonstrated in the earlier ones, the powerful ease now replaced with gallant effort. The strong frame and quick limbs didn't move with the same authority and fluidity; but as he perservered courageously, the heart stayed resolute, sturdy, and unchanging. The horse of steel, the legend, Citation, became a model of Thoroughbred virtue. The big bay had remained the brightest equine star in racing's firmament, and had long ago attained what few athletes, equine or human, could ever legitimately claim: sports immortality.

It was sixty years ago, the date July 14, 1951, the venue Hollywood Park, California. Citation, six-years-old, had brought back memories of those golden moments, once achieved with stunning regularity. The instant he crossed the wire, he had established another milestone, capping off an extraordinary list of accomplishments and saying farewell with touching dignity and grace. But had this final achievement come at a price too high? Leaving the track for the last time, he undoubtedly left his legions of followers with a reminder; that even at such a price, he was still...the immortal Citation.

PART ONE: THE HERITAGE

The following discussion highlights key individuals, primarily in the immediate five generations of Citation's pedigree, and illuminates their achievements on the track and in the stud. His bloodlines are deeply rich in English and French horses.

THE SIRES

Citation's ancestry began twenty-one generations ago with a bay colt, foaled around 1700, and later imported to England from the Middle East. One of three Foundation Sires, credited with the genesis of the Thoroughbred breed, this stallion was the Darley Arabian, whose blood coursed through the veins of nearly two centuries of Thoroughbreds until only five generations removed, reached those horses who would produce a masterpiece equine athlete named Citation.

Fifth Sire – Flying Fox (GB)

Flying Fox was bred and owned by the First Duke of Westminster. His paternal grandsire was Ormonde (GB), a roarer, who was also plagued with splints; yet despite these maladies, he was undefeated in a sixteen race career, which included the English Triple Crown, consisting of the one mile Two Thousand Guineas, 1 ½ mile Epsom Derby, and 1 ¾ mile St. Leger. Ormonde, considered the best English racehorse of the nineteenth century, sired Orme, who also became a stakes winner. Orme's cover of Vampire thus produced the bay colt Flying Fox in 1896. The racer Flying Fox was a good weight carrier, extremely talented, and with early brilliance. At age three, he won all six starts and emulated his grandsire's Triple Crown feat, in addition to annexing the Eclipse, Prince of Wales and Jockey Club Stakes.

Later sold to France, Flying Fox sired many European stakes winners, including son Ajax.

Fourth Sire – Ajax (FR.)

Ajax, foaled in 1901, out of the Clamart (FR.) mare Amie (FR.) was a very elegant bay colt. He raced only five times but never lost, counting among his victories the Prix du Jockey Club and Grand Prix de Paris. Ajax was successful in the stud and after a mating with the multiple stakes winning mare Rondeau (GB), sired Teddy.

Third Sire – Teddy (FR.)

Teddy was a bay horse, arriving on the scene in 1913. He raced both in Spain and France, captured several key stakes before beginning a career as a stallion, eventually making his way to the United States. Among his brightest luminaries were Sir Gallahad (FR.), out of Plucky Liege (GB), the great broodmare La Troienne (FR.), and the Italian racer Ortello (ITY.).

Sir Gallahad won the Poule d'Essai des Poulains and the Prix Jacques le Marois and later, as Sir Gallahad III, was a four-time leading sire and an extremely illustrious broodmare sire, leading that list twelve times and making a lasting imprint on American breeding. Among his sons were 1930 American Triple Crown winner Gallant Fox, and Kentucky Derby winners Gallahadion and Hoop Jr., both in the 1940s.

La Troienne, another import to the United States, became a giant in the country's breeding. To name just a few of her direct descendents were Busher, Affectionately, Buckpasser, Numbered Account, Allez France, Relaxing, Easy Goer and Sea Hero.

Ortello dominated racing in Italy and defeated the best in Europe in the 1929 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. He went on to become an important sire in his country.

Teddy was also fifth generation sire to the line which eventually led to Sword Dancer, the 1959 American Horse of the Year, who in turn sired the great Damascus.

Plucky Liege, a pivotal broodmare, showed precociousness on the track as a two-year-old sprinter. She was sired by Epsom Derby/Grand Prix de Paris winner Spearmint (GB) out of the St. Simon (GB) mare Concertina (GB). Spearmint was sired by the greatest Australian racer of the nineteenth century, Carbine (NZ), whose achievements as a racehorse bordered on the unbelievable. Born in 1885, the bay colt Carbine made forty-three starts, winning thirty-three, with six seconds, and three thirds, after capturing a wide array of prestigious races, some two and three times. Among his wins was the two mile Melbourne Cup in 1890, under 145 pounds, in a field of thirty-nine. St. Simon, a bay colt, foaled in 1881, was outstanding both as a racehorse and a stallion. He went undefeated in nine starts, including wins in the two and a half mile Ascot Gold Cup and two mile Goodwood Cup. A tail-male line predecessor of Princequillo (GB) and Ribot (GB), St. Simon was a perennial leading sire.

The other notable offspring from a Teddy-Plucky Liege mating was Bull Dog.

Grandsire – Bull Dog(FR.)

Sir Gallahad's full brother, Bull Dog, was a brown horse, foaled in 1927. He made eight starts and won two stakes. After being sold, he came to America, where he led the sire list in 1943 and broodmare sire list four times in the 1950s. Notable names through his daughters were the handicap champion and Horse of the Year Tom Fool, who later sired Buckpasser; Rough 'n Tumble, the sire of legendary Dr. Fager; and a brown colt out of Isolde by Royal Gem III, named Dark Star, winner of the 1953 Run for the Roses against a field that included the fabulous and previously unbeaten Native Dancer.

Bull Dog is perhaps best remembered for his cover to an unraced American-bred brown mare named Rose Leaves. From that cover, in 1935 a brown colt was born and given the name Bull Lea.

Sire – Bull Lea

Bull Lea's racing credentials were respectable with a resume showing twenty-seven starts, ten wins, seven seconds and three thirds. Among his victories were the 1 1/8 mile Blue Grass Stakes in 1938, and the 1 ¼ mile Widener Handicap the following year. As a stallion, Bull Lea led the North American sire list five times and broodmare sire list four. His output of champions and stakes winners included Horse of the Year Armed, champions Coaltown, Two Lea, Twilight Tear, Bewitch, Real Delight, and Derby winners Hill Gail and Iron Liege. Through his daughters came champions Barbizon and Tim Tam, Preakness winner Gate Dancer, Belmont Stakes winner Quadrangle, and Bramalea, the dam of the superb European champion and stallion Roberto.

Although these descendents were more than enough to ensure Bull Lea's legacy, one son would overshadow all of them.

THE DAMS

In tail-female line, Citation's lineage traces back to the English Foundation Mare, who was called Dam of the Two True Blues (GB). This mare, born in the last decade of the seventeenth century, was a daughter of the Byerley Turk Foundation Sire, a black/brown horse foaled in 1680. The damline made Citation a member of family number three. The system, devised by nineteenth century pedigree researcher Bruce Lowe, gave each family a number, based on wins in the English classics, namely the Derby, Oaks and St. Leger. Tracking a damline back to its Foundation Mare, the members who compiled the most victories were designated Family number one, and so on. Lowe counted over forty mares, a number later expanded. His system is mentioned here more for historical than practical interest.

Fifth Dam – Broad Corrie (GB)

The bay mare Broad Corrie, foaled in 1889, was a daughter of the superb racer Hampton (GB), out of the Galopin (GB) mare Corrie Roy (GB). Hampton, a bay horse, gifted with stamina, started as a hurdler but later took to the flat, counting among his wins the Goodwood and Doncaster Cups in 1877. Broad Corrie's own race record is unclear although she apparently won several stakes races. She was bred to Isinglass (GB), a brown horse, who boasted a race record of eleven wins and a second in twelve starts, including the Triple Crown in 1893, the Eclipse Stakes the following year and Ascot Gold Cup as a five-year-old.

The offspring of Broad Corrie and Isinglass was the bay filly Glasalt (GB), foaled in 1898.

Fourth Dam – Glasalt (GB)

Third Dam – Glacier (GB)

Second Dam – Toboggan (GB)

Glasalt, a stakes winner at age two, produced the filly Canyon (GB) by Chaucer (GB), in 1913. Canyon would capture the One Thousand Guineas, and later as a broodmare was bred to the great ancestral stallion Phalaris, producing a brown colt in 1923 named Colorado (GB), who would win the Two Thousand Guineas, Princess of Wales and Eclipse Stakes. Several years earlier, Glasalt had been bred to St. Simon, producing a bay female foal in 1907, who would be called Glacier, who in turn was bred to Hurry On (GB), a tremendously gifted racehorse, and undefeated in six outings ranging from a mile to over two miles. The foal of Glacier and Hurry On was the filly Toboggan, born in 1925, and who won the Epsom Oaks three years later.

Gainsborough (GB) – Selene (GB)

Gainsborough, a bay colt, foaled in 1915, also won the Triple Crown, and became a leading sire. One of the mares Gainsborough covered was champion racer Mumtaz Mahal (GB), and the offspring was Mah Mahal (GB), the later dam of the gray horse Mahmoud (FR.), English champion and successful stallion. As a broodmare sire, Mahmoud's daughters produced Derby winner Determine, Belmont Stakes winner Gallant Man (GB), and Grey Dawn (FR.), a two-year-old champion in France, and the only horse to defeat Sea-Bird (FR.). Another Mahmoud daughter, Boudoir (GB), dropped a chestnut colt in 1947, who was named Your Host, the future sire of the incomparable five-time Horse of the Year Kelso. Mahmoud was also damsire of Silver Spoon, a filly who will be mentioned again in the final part of this story.

The bay mare Selene, by Chaucer out of the Minoru mare Serenissima, was born in 1919 and became a solid racer and stakes winner. She also reached Gainsborough's court, and the two produced a chestnut male in 1930, who became one of the breed's finest horses. His name was Hyperion.

Broodmare Sire – Hyperion (GB)

Hyperion was a small colt with exceptional quality and talent. A champion in England at age three, he received a Timeform rating of 142. When his race career ended, he became a six-time leading sire and four-time leading damsire. A few of his children were duel American classic winner Pensive, European champion filly Sun Chariot (IRE), and Alibhai (GB), the paternal grandsire of Kelso. Hyperion was also grandsire of Forli (ARG.), who would sire the three-time Horse of the Year Forego, and paternal great-grandsire of the 1968 Arc winner, Vaguely Noble (IRE.).

One of Hyperion's girlfriends was Toboggan. After their trist, a chestnut filly, who would become Hydroplane, arrived in 1938.

Dam – Hydroplane II (GB)

Hydroplane was an undistinguished racer; however, Warren Wright owner of Calumet Farm in Kentucky, saw breeding value and purchased her from Lord Derby. Getting her safely to America was a concern however because of the War, when the Atlantic Ocean was infested with German submarines. A journey that circumvented the perilous waters enabled the mare to be safely, if not arduously, transported to the States. After arrival, she became Hydroplane II.

Hydroplane II was first bred to Sun Teddy, and produced a chestnut filly named Fly Off, born in 1943. As a racehorse, Fly Off posted forty-two starts with modest success. Hydroplane II was then bred to Bleinheim II, who had already sired Whirlaway, winner of the American Triple Crown in 1941. Hydroplane II's second foal, born in 1944, was a bay girl called Mermaid. Like her dam, Mermaid's racing career was uneventful.

Hydroplane II would now meet Calumet's big stallion, Bull Lea, and the two of them made such beautiful music together, that the masterpiece which had finally evolved from five generations, was a composition so great as to have few equals in the twentieth century.

The Kentucky-bred bay colt by Bull Lea out of the Hyperion mare Hydroplane II, was born on April 11, 1945, approximately one month before Germany unconditionally surrendered, and closed the curtain on the European Theater. The honor of selecting a name for the colt went to a friend of Warren and Lucille Wright's. Because it was wartime, a word spoken quite often in honoring military servicemen was given to the foal: Citation. His own incredible story had begun.

To be continued...

Resources

http://www.pedigreequery.com/citation

http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/action/viewDocument?id=844

http://www.equineline.com/Free-5X-Pedigree.cfm?page_state=ORDER_AND_CONFIRM&reference_number=90840&registry=T&horse_name=Citation&dam_name=*Hydroplane II&foaling_year=1945&nicking_stats_indicator=Y

http://www.racingvictoria.net.au/p_Carbine.aspx

http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits.html

http://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricDams/EngFoundationMares/Family3/Family3.html

http://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricDams/FamilyNumbers.html

Page Cooper and Roger L. Treat, Man O' War (Yardley, PA: Westholme Publishing, 2004).

http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/HurryOn.html

http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/action/viewDocument?id=1044

http://www.tbheritage.com/TurfHallmarks/clwinners.html

http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/jsp/index.jsp

http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/action/viewDocument?id=838

Thoroughbred Times Co., Inc., The Original Thoroughbred Times Racing Almanac 2009 (Lexington, KY: Thoroughbred Times Books, 2008).

Pohla Smith, Citation Thoroughbred Legends, No. 3 (Lexington, KY: Eclipse Press, 2000).

Robert Shoop, Down To The Wire: The Lives Of The Triple Crown Champions (Everson, WA; Chilliwack, BC: Russell Dean and Company, 2004).

Marvin Drager, The Most Glorious Crown: The Story of America's Triple Crown Thoroughbreds from Sir Barton to Affirmed (Chicago, Ill.: Triumph Books, 2005).

Copyright 2011, 2012 by John Califano

Beacon of New Orleans - Part Three: "My" Risen Star

For Risen Star it was the moment of truth and the opportunity to show the racing world the power and stamina his superior breeding had passed on to him. The Triple Crown, contested over five weeks, covering distances of 1 ¼ miles, 1 3/16 miles, and 1 ½ miles was right up his alley. If Risen Star was going to bring his vast potential to fruition, it would be now. It would not happen immediately however. As talented as he was, the Kentucky Derby was the most difficult race in America to win, not because it took the best three-year-old to finish first, but because there were so many factors besides talent that needed to coalesce. Risen Star would face sixteen other horses which meant the draw was critical to ensure a clean, clear start and improve the prospect for a good trip, where traffic congestion was as common as rush hour on a Los Angeles freeway. This possibility by itself was enough to keep a horse from using his ability to the fullest and be competitive. This one American race took a level of maturity, experience, foundation, skill, toughness, and good fortune, all parcelled out in equal parts, and each interdependent on the other. The bigger the field, the more these factors came into play. Besides his own ability, Risen Star had something else in his favor. He would now have the services of one of the country's premiere jockeys, Eddie Delahoussaye, a Cajun, who had moved his tack to the Southern California circuit. If anybody could get Risen Star to the wire first, it was Eddie.

A few Good Boys

Among the horses competing in the 114^th Run for the Roses on May 7, 1988, were Eclipse Champion Two-Year-Old Male Forty Niner; Brian's Time, Florida Derby winner; Proper Reality, Arkansas Derby winner; Granacus, Blue Grass Stakes winner; and Private Terms, undefeated in seven races, and coming into the big race with a win in the Wood Memorial. 

And then there was the girl.

Winning Colors

The big gray/roan filly Winning Colors, sired by Caro out of the Bold Hour mare All Rainbows, was owned by former San Diego Chargers boss Eugene Klein and bred at Echo Valley Horse Farm in Kentucky. Winning Colors, trained by D. Wayne Lukas, who had yet to win a Derby after twelve losing attempts, was a front runner who had dominated her division on the West Coast. Lightly raced at age two, she won when first asked on August 13, 1987 in a seven furlong maiden special weight at Saratoga by two and a half lengths. She moved to California, but didn't resume racing until late December when she annexed a six furlong allowance at Santa Anita by three and a half lengths under jockey Gary Stevens.

Winning Colors would be asked a lot and she would do a lot, earning herself a year-end divisional championship. She began a sophomore campaign that would be nothing short of electrifying, monumental, and ultimately coming to its seasonal climax later in the fall, in a race she lost. On January 20, in restricted company, Winning Colors won Santa Anita's one mile La Centinela by more than six lengths. In her first Grade 1 contest, she dropped a decision to future Kentucky Oaks winner Goodbye Halo by only a neck. Winning Colors bounced back beautifully in her next start, taking the 1 1/16 mile Santa Anita Oaks by eight lengths. She was now put to an even stiffer test against the boys in the Santa Anita Derby, where she made a mockery of the race. Before anyone knew what happened, Winning Colors had crossed the finish seven and a half lengths in front of her nearest competitor, Lively One. She would now be pointed for the loftiest of heights and meet the best of the best three-year-old males in Louisville Kentucky.

Derby Big Three

When they flung open the gates at Churchill Downs, the race was virtually over. Winning Colors got her easy lead, and set fractions of :23, :46 4/5, 1:11 2/5, and a mile in 1:36. She then began to tire as Forty Niner came flying late, but the filly succeeded in keeping him safe by a diminishing neck in the time of 2:02 1/5, to become only the third female in history to win the race, after Regret in 1915 and Genuine Risk in 1980. Forty Niner had gone with Winning Colors early but Pat Day dropped him back to conserve his fuel, a move that might have cost him the race; but Forty Niner proved he could finish strong at the classic distance. As for Risen Star, he had been stationed down in post one, with no opportunity to be in contention. He dropped well behind in the early stages, before being forced to go around horses in the far turn, where he had to advance extremely wide. Despite all the obstacles, he rallied exceptionally well to finish third. Private Terms, his win streak snapped, finished a disappointing ninth. He would make another run at Pimlico and have his speed honed in the interim. But the day belonged to the front running filly, who got her trip and made the most of it.

Confrontation

Several of the Derby horses would meet again in two weeks in Baltimore and Winning Colors would try and become the first female to win two legs of the Triple Crown. The complexion of the contest would be much different than at Churchill Downs. Forty Niner would go with Winning Colors right away and stay on her. It was possibly the determing factor in the outcome and with their struggle against each other, neither horse had any chance to win.

Woody Stephens and Lukas had a rivalry which was not exactly good natured. Lukas, a former quarter horse trainer, finally won his Derby and it was a female who gave it to him.  Stephens had already won the Derby twice, sending out Cannonade in 1974, as part of a record 23-horse field, and again ten years later with Swale, who took on nineteen others. Stephens also created a remarkable legacy by winning five consecutive Belmont Stakes races, beginning in 1982 with Conquistador Cielo, through Danzig Connection in 1986.

The Preakness Stakes, on May 21, was in one respect unfortunate because an outstanding colt, who was good enough to win the race himself, faltered badly due to the strategy involved in trying to get him to defeat the Derby winner. The contest turned into a contentious affair, and afterward the duel created at least as much notoriety as the winning horse had done.

The week of the race, the Pimlico track was muddy, but Risen Star worked three furlongs in :36 4/5. Roussel was concerned about the weather and there was speculation that Risen Star would not even run. The trainer had filled out a scratch card and didn't decide until as late as possible to enter his colt.

Nine horses lined up for the 113^th edition of racing's second Triple Crown jewel, and the big three in the Derby were right next to each other with Risen Star in post three, Forty Niner in post four, and Winning Colors in five. At the break Winning Colors and Forty Niner were both gunned to the lead. The contest became an intense, exhausting duel between the pair, with Winning Colors constantly being bumped in the backstretch and carried wide. The colt's connections denied any ill intent with the apparent purpose to merely get Forty Niner out on the track where the surface conditions were better. They also felt they needed to stay close to the filly to have a chance. Risen Star stalked the leaders along the rail, and after six furlongs in 1:11 1/5, the duel had taken its toll, and the son of Secretariat took a commanding lead. Eddie steered him out on the track, where the colt strongly bounded to the wire for a 1 ¼ length win in 1:56 1/5. Brian's Time was next followed by Winning Colors, who finished admirably another 1 ¼ lengths back. Forty Niner had the worst of it however, and faded to seventh, beaten by more than fourteen lengths. The son of Mr. Prospector would bypass the Belmont Stakes, and be freshened for races later in the summer and fall. Forty Niner would go on to win four of his next five starts, capturing the Haskell Invitational, Travers Stakes, and NYRA Mile, while losing by only a neck to eventual Horse of the Year Alysheba in the Woodward Stakes. Forty Niner concluded his career with a fifth place effort in the Breeders' Cup Classic. Despite his failure to win a Triple Crown race, Forty Niner had always been a fine racer and a champion, who flirted with greatness.

Risen Star's win had been due to his own good performance, aided by a clean trip; and he had clearly been the beneficiary of a speed duel. He now had another performance ahead, one which would define him.

Defining Moment

On June 11, the 120^th running of the 1 ½ mile Belmont Stakes drew a small field of six horses, with Cefis on the inside, Granacus in post two, Winning Colors in three, Kingpost in four, Risen Star in five, and Brian's Time in six. The day before, Risen Star had worked three furlongs in a blazing :33 3/5. Roussel wasn't happy about it and concerned that it might have taken too much out of his colt. But a twelve furlong race in cavernous Belmont Park would be the horse's defining moment.

When the field was sent off, Winning Colors took the early lead, but she was in deep water after six brisk furlongs in 1:11 4/5, as Risen Star ranged up alongside her. He subsequently began to exhibit the power that evoked memories of his sire, taking the lead and easily moving further and further away, as Winning Colors began to fade. At the wire Risen Star was 14 ¾ lengths ahead of Kingpost, with Brian's Time another two lengths back in third. His time of 2:26 2/5, was the second fastest clocking ever run, and his performance had brought him  closer than any horse to emulating his father. After Secretariat's run in 1973, only Easy Goer and A.P. Indy have since sped faster than Risen Star, and only Secretariat, Count Fleet, and Man o’War created wider winning margins. Winning Colors finished last more than forty-one lengths behind, but her courage was evident, and her luster in no way diminished. After three grueling races, it was vividly clear what was inside of her, and it was the heart of a champion.

Aftermath

There was ongoing speculation about Risen Star's future, whether he would race again, if he was sound, or perhaps be retired to stud. The early plans were for the colt to run in the Super Derby at Louisiana Downs in early fall, possibly the Jockey Club Gold Cup and ultimately the Breeders' Cup Classic. A four-year-old campaign in California was also considered.

At some point Risen Star had injured the suspensory ligament in his right foreleg. Recovery time precluded plans for summer/fall racing. In early summer, a deal was forged with Walmac International who bought a sizeable interest in the colt worth several million dollars, but which also closed the door on further racing beyond the current year. In late July, Risen Star was retired. He was later voted the Eclipse three-year-old male champion for 1988, a testament to both his own excellence and also his immortal sire.

In his relatively brief career, Risen Star never finished out of the money, recording 11 starts, 8 firsts, 2 seconds, 1 third and $2,029,845 in earnings. As a stallion at Walmac, his best progeny were Pimlico Special winner, Belmont Stakes placed, and millionaire Star Standard, and daughter Risen Raven, a German champion. Among Risen Star's many other offspring were Torch, a black-type winning filly, and the gelding Star Campaigner, a third place finisher in the American Derby.

Most Endearing

In later years, Risen Star suffered from bouts of colic and on March 13, 1998, this sweet horse died during colic surgery at age thirteen, and ten years to the day he’d won the Louisiana Derby. His death left the racing community grief stricken especially in New Orleans where perhaps his biggest fan club was a Catholic order of nuns called the Little Sisters of the Poor. Roussel had pledged to the order part of the colt's earnings.

If Risen Star did not establish himself as a truly great racehorse, it was only because he didn't have enough time to do so. Until his retirement, he was on his way to the highest pantheon and no doubt had he raced longer, would have been considered among the greats. But this blogger is understandably bias to a horse more endearing to him than any other over the past thirty years. There was only one Risen Star. He now runs alongside his father somewhere beyond the clouds. And a photograph of the big, dark bay, grazing in his paddock, sits affectionately on the writer's desk.

Resources

Daily Racing Form, Champions: The Lives, Times, and Past Performances of America's Greatest Thoroughbreds (New York: Daily Racing Form Press, 2005).

Steven Crist, “An Upset Won't Be Much of a Surprise,” The New York Times, May 21, 1988.

Dave Anderson, "Belmont Plot: Stevens vs. Stephens," The New York Times, May 22, 1988.

Steven Crist, "The Big Race Draws a Small Field of 6," The New York Times, June 10, 1988.

Steven Crist, "Risen Star Sizzles in Final Workout," The New York Times, June 11, 1988.

Steven Crist, "Risen Star Runs Away With the Belmont," The New York Times, June 12, 1988.

Paul Moran (Newsday), “Risen Star owners enter horse deal,” The Prescott Courier, June 26, 1988.

Associated Press, “Risen Star Enters Retirement,” The Harlan Daily Enterprise, July 25, 1988.

Thoroughbred Times Co., Inc., The Original Thoroughbred Times Racing Almanac 2009 (Lexington, KY: Thoroughbred Times Books, 2008).

Pedigreequery.com. http://www.pedigreequery.com/

Equineline.com. http://www.equineline.com/

Copyright 2011, 2012, 2013 by John Califano