PART THREE: RACING INTO THE HALL OF FAME
The contenders
Despite his impressive successes, Northern Dancer went into the Kentucky Derby as the second choice at 2-1. Hill Rise, the California-bred, was favored at 8-5. Hill Rise had won seven straight races, and his favoritism was helped by Bill Shoemaker coming on board.
Owned and bred by George Pope's El Peco Ranch in Madera, California, the big bay was the antithesis of the 15.2 hand Northern Dancer. At about 16.2 hands, Hill Rise had a long, powerful stride. Trained by 73-year-old Bill Finnegan, Hill Rise's career began slowly when he lost his first two starts during the summer of his two-year-old season, at Hollywood Park. The colt then became sick and was laid up until later in the year, when he won his next three races at Golden Gate Fields. Returning to Southern California, Hill Rise won a division of the Split California Breeders' Championship on December 28 for his fourth successive win. After turning three, Hill Rise continued his streak, victorious in the 1 1/16 mile San Felipe in February 1964, in a sharp time of 1:41 2/5. His superiority was reaffirmed on February 29 when he ran to a six-length win against eight other sophomores in the West Coast's big prep, the $132,400 Santa Anita Derby, covering the 1 1/8 mile distance in stakes record time of 1:47 2/5, that eclipsed Tompion's mark set four years earlier.
Hill Rise made his first start outside the Golden State on April 17 at Keeneland, where he easily recorded his seventh straight win in the Forerunner Purse, finishing the seven furlongs in 1:22 4/5, a good time, although off Tomy Lee's (GB) 1959 track record of 1:21 3/5.
Hill Rise and Northern Dancer were not the only prominent three-year-olds in the spring of 1964. Following them in Derby favoritism were The Scoundrel, and the Elliott Burch trained Quadrangle. On April 18 a competitive field of nine three-year-olds gathered for the East's principle Derby prep, the 1 1/8 mile Wood Memorial at Aqueduct. In the field were Mr. Brick, Quadrangle, Roman Brother, Traffic, Knightly Manner, Chieftain, and three longshots. When the race was over, Quadrangle was the victor, followed by Mr Brick, and Roman Brother, all who would appear in Louisville on May 2.
On April 26 Quadrangle drilled a mile in 1:40 3/5. Eight days later Mr. Brick, running for the first time without blinkers, recorded a half-length win over The Scoundrel in the Stepping Stone Purse at Churchill Downs. The day after the Stepping Stone, Hill Rise scored his eighth consecutive win by a decisive two and a quarter length margin in the one mile Derby Trial, over a good track. Roman Brother finished second. The winner's time was an excellent 1:35 1/5, only two-fifths off the record.
With all the preparations done, and the fabled Kentucky race in a few days, the order of favoritism had Hill Rise at 6-5, followed by Northern Dancer at 5-2. Quadrangle and The Scoundrel came next, then Roman Brother and Mr. Brick.
On Friday, May 1, Quadrangle had a gallop, while Northern Dancer and Mr. Brick worked five furlongs.
Shall we dance?
The 90th edition of racing's "big dance" drew a field of twelve runners for a share of the $125,000-added purse. The post positions from the rail out were Mr. Brick, Quadrangle, Wil Rad, Extra Swell, Mr. Moonlight, The Scoundrel, Northern Dancer, Ishkoodah, Dandy K, Royal Shuck, Hill Rise, and Roman Brother. The weather forecast was good. The grand total reward was $156,800 with $114,300 going to the winner. Northern Dancer, who had already bankrolled $280,572, was the highest earner ever from Canada, and with the lucrative cash from this race would see his pot swell if he emerged on top. Roman Brother, who won the Champagne as a two-year-old, before winning the Bahamas and Everglades, was owned by Louis Wolfson's Harbor View Farm, and coming into the affair as the highest career earner with $290,740. Mr. Brick had been the busiest horse in the field, having already raced twenty-four times, eighteen as a two-year-old, with runner-up finishes in the Bahamas--before being disqualified--and again in the Everglades. Quadrangle, in addition to his win in the Wood Memorial, had annexed the Futurity at Pimlico as a juvenile. These horses liked being in front or off the pace, except for the closer Ishkoodah.
Like Nearctic, Northern Dancer could be defiant. With 100,000 people looking on, he refused to walk into the starting gate and wasn't exactly gentle on one of the handlers either. When he had had enough fun, he moved his roughly 950 pound frame into position and it was business as usual. Hill Rise, at about 1,100 pounds, was loaded four stalls down. When the gate opened Mr. Brick took the lead with Royal Shuck next and Wil Rad tracking in third, through a quarter in :22 2/5, and a half in :46. Northern Dancer was the seventh horse to leave, then rated about mid-pack, and saved ground just behind Hill Rise, as they approached the clubhouse turn. In the backstretch Mr. Brick and Royal Shuck maintained the pace. Approaching the far turn Mr. Brick kept company with The Scoundrel, who took the lead rounding the bend. Northern Dancer began to engage, quickly advancing into contention, and after six furlongs run in 1:10 3/5, the Nearctic colt took the lead as they straightened into the stretch. Hill Rise took the turn wide, but was relentlessly dusting off horses, bearing down aggressively to the outside of the new leader. About mid-stretch Northern Dancer was ahead by one and a half lengths but his lead was rapidly shrinking. Hill Rise was coming fast and reached Northern Dancer's outside flank. As they crossed the wire, side by side, Northern Dancer was in front by a diminishing neck. Hill Rise was three and a quarter lengths ahead of The Scoundrel, who in turn was a scant nose to the good of the fourth arrival Roman Brother. Quadrangle was fifth. The finishing time was 2:00 minutes flat.
The race had been monumental for the Northern Dancer team. The horse was the first from his country to win the most famous dirt race in the world, and he had done it in the fastest time ever, breaking Decidedly's old mark of 2:00 2/5. Hartack, in getting his fourth Derby victory, had now been aboard two record setting winners in three years.
Of the twelve horses who ran in the race, only four were bred in Kentucky. The winner was from Canada. There were four California-breds, Hill Rise, The Scoundrel, tenth place Wil Rad, and eleventh place Extra Swell. Two came from Florida, Roman Brother and ninth finisher Iskoodah. Quadrangle was a Virginia-bred. The Kentucky-breds were sixth, seventh and eighth place finishers Mr. Brick, Mr. Moonlight, and Dandy K, respectively, with Royal Shuck coming home last.
Northern Dancer and Hill Rise would run in the Preakness Stakes.
Pimlico
Pimlico's 88th Preakness, in Baltimore, Maryland, would be worth an added $150,000. A half furlong shorter than the Derby at 1 3/16 miles, the probable starters besides Northern Dancer and Hill Rise were The Scoundrel, Roman Brother, Quadrangle, Knightly Manner, and possibly Big Pete. Following the Derby Mr. Brick won the one mile Withers, but was doubtful for the Preakness.
Hill Rise went into the second leg of the Triple Crown again the favorite over Northern Dancer, who was 2-1. The field had only six runners, half the Derby size, and the attendance was somewhere between 36,000-40,000. The track was fast but would become tiring. When the group was sent away, Big Pete jumped to the lead with Northern Dancer, The Scoundrel, and Hill Rise also in early contention. Approaching the first turn Big Pete maintained his position with Quadrangle engaging him, along with Northern Dancer, Hill Rise, and the Scoundrel. Roman Brother trailed. Approaching the far turn Big Pete was done, as Northern Dancer made his bid, taking the lead out of the turn into the stretch. The little colt began to draw away at the eighth pole with Hill Rise, The Scoundrel, and Quadrangle strung out across the track, battling for the placings. At the wire it was Northern Dancer by two and a quarter lengths, with The Scoundrel next, a head in front of Hill Rise, who was a half length to the good of Quadrangle. Roman Brother and Big Pete rounded out the field. The fractions had been :25 1/5, :48 2/5, 1:12 2/5, and 1:37 3/5, with Luro's colt finishing in 1:56 4/5. The total purse was $176,700, with Northern Dancer collecting $124,200, boosting his year's earnings to $304,237 and for his career $519,092. It was Hartack's second Preakness win following his victory in 1956 aboard Calumet Farm's Fabius.
Shoemaker, who had now lost twice on Hill Rise, conceded the Canadian colt's superiority.
Going for the sweep
Northern Dancer would now go into the 1 1/2 mile Belmont Stakes on June 6 as the favorite and Hill Rise would once again try and beat him. The 96th running would have a $125,000-added purse. Roman Brother, who won Garden State Park's 1 1/8 mile Jersey Derby on May 30, was possible as was Quadrangle who had recently run second against older horses in the Metropolitan Mile. The Belmont Stakes, the oldest of the three classics, and called the "test of the champion," would be held at Aqueduct while Belmont Park curtailed racing for renovation.
Northern Dancer had a light work on Sunday, May 31, and a 1 1/4 mile drill the next day, finishing in 2:04 1/5, on the Belmont track. Hill Rise also covered the distance in the same time at Aqueduct.
On June 2, Northern Dancer and Hill Rise were the only confirmed starters for the Belmont but two days later the final number was eight with Northern Dancer the 4-5 favorite, Hill Rise next at 2-1, followed by Quadrangle and Roman Brother, both at 8-1. Determined Man and Shook were 20-1, with Orientalist and Brave Lad, 30-1. Northern Dancer and Hill Rise had blowouts on Friday, June 5, both going five furlongs in 1:02 1/5.
Spoiler
Northern Dancer was now one race away from becoming the first Triple Crown winner since Citation in 1948. Although a North American horse, he could also become the first racehorse bred outside the U.S. to win the coveted prize. Everything the horse had thus far done seemed to destine him for the highest racing glory.
In front of 61,215 spectators, the entries moved into line, with Determined Man taking post one, Shook 1A, Northern Dancer post two, and Hill Rise next to him in three. Quadrangle, racing for the first time without blinkers, entered post four, and Orientalist would break from five. Roman Brother, who was probably smaller than Northern Dancer, was in six, and Brave Lad would break from post seven.
The Aqueduct gate opened with Orientalist going out in front, followed by Hill Rise, Quadrangle, Northern Dancer, Roman Brother, Brave Lad, and the early trailer Determined Man. The pace would be slow, but Hartack kept an eager Northern Dancer restrained. With a half in :49, and three-quarters in 1:14 4/5, Orientalist maintained his lead through a mile in 1:39 2/5. Quadrangle then went out in front, with Roman Brother and Northern Dancer giving chase as they entered the stretch. In mid-stretch it was clearly Quadrangle in charge, under Manuel Ycaza. Roman Brother started outrunning Northern Dancer about two furlongs out, with Hill Rise tagging along. Nearing the wire it was evident who the winner would be. Quadrangle, a big, imposing bay son of multiple stakes winner Cohoes, out of the Bull Lea mare Tap Day, crossed the finish first, two lengths ahead of Roman Brother. Northern Dancer was another four lengths back and a half length ahead of Hill Rise.
With ten furlongs run in 2:04, Quadrangle completed the distance in 2:28 2/5, almost two seconds slower than Gallant Man's (GB) record 2:26 3/5. The winner's share was $110,850, with Roman Brother receiving $25,000, Northern Dancer $12,500, and Hill Rise $6,250. The remaining order of finish was Brave Lad, Orientalist, Determined Man, and Shook.
Northern Dancer had lost the race, but had won the admiration and affection of many people especially in Canada. He would have a warm welcome waiting for him back home.
Homecoming and retirement
Northern Dancer returned to Canada a hero, loved by his public, many of them youth. Two weeks after the Belmont the colt made his next start in another Triple Crown race, Canada's 1 1/4 mile Queen's Plate at Woodbine, the oldest continuously run Thoroughbred race in North America and the first leg of their triage. Hartack stayed in the irons and the pair faced seven other Canadian-breds in the restricted event, with each carrying 126 pounds.
The 105th running, on June 20, offered a purse of $74,075, with a winner's paycheck of $49,075. In front of 31,000 spectators, Northern Dancer trailed the field early and continued to lag behind until Hartack prompted him. The horse made a powerful sweep around the final turn easily defeating his outmatched rivals by seven and a half lengths in a time of 2:02 1/5. Langcrest, another Nearctic son, was second, followed by Grand Garcon, the horse who had defeated Northern Dancer in his juvenile season.
Luro took Northern Dancer back to the States where he prepared him for Saratoga's 1 1/4 mile Travers Stakes on August 22; unfortunately during training he suffered a bowed tendon, precluding another start. It was too risky to keep racing him and on November 6, 1964, owner E.P. Taylor announced Northern Dancer's retirement. The great colt had been a competitor of the highest echelon, with an enormous will to drive himself. He had run the good race, fought the good fight, and had done Canada extremely proud. In his two year career, Northern Dancer never finished lower than third, making eighteen starts for fourteen wins, 2 seconds, 2 thirds, and $580,647 in earnings.
A champion forever
Northern Dancer was a consensus U.S. Champion Three-Year-Old Male, Canada's Horse of the Year, and divisional champion. In December he also achieved the distinction never before given to an animal. Over all humans, Northern Dancer was named Canada's Athlete of the Year by Canadian sportswriters.
A good, long life
Northern Dancer began his second life as a stallion in Canada but was later moved to the Windfields Farm in Maryland. Of the horse's 635 foals, 146 were stakes winners. He was also broodmare sire of 240 stakes winners. Northern Dancer led the American sire list in 1971, broodmare list in 1991, and was leading sire in England four times. Many of his progeny sold for millions of dollars each, with an average price of over $900,000.
Due to declining fertility, Northern Dancer was pensioned in 1987. The champion racehorse, the first Canadian Kentucky Derby winner, the first horse to run the race in two minutes flat, who won two-thirds of America's Triple Crown, and began a stud career for a fee of $10,000, had ultimately commanded $1 million per covered mare with no guaranteed live foal. A fitting final tribute to the stallion were his last two yearlings, who were sold in 1989. Japanese buyer Zenya Yoshida paid $2.8 million for a Northern Dancer bay colt, out of the English champion mare Mrs. Penny, at a Keeneland select yearling sale. The yearling would become Northern Park, a group stakes winner and multiple group placed in Europe. Northern Park was the broodmare sire of the bay filly Silver Cup (IRE), a winner in Europe, before coming to the States where she won Santa Anita's San Gorgonio, Buena Vista, and Santa Ana Handicaps on the turf. The other Northern Dancer yearling, out of the mare Gleaming Smile, sold for $700,000. He was given the name Il Corsaro, an unraced bay colt.
For the ages
On the morning of Friday, November 16, 1990, the great racer and stallion, Northern Dancer, was humanely put to sleep after a bout of colic. He had lived a phenomenal twenty-nine years and was now returning home to Canada and laid to rest. News spread quickly throughout the racing world.
Northern Dancer was among the first group of thirteen inductees to the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame in 1976, along with his son, and England's last Triple Crown winner, Nijinsky II. Victoria Park was also inducted, along with Nearctic's granddaughter La Prevoyante. Also among these inaugural inductees was Sir Barton, the first American Triple Crown winner. Nearctic was inducted the following year and Natalma in 2007. Northern Dancer was also a 1976 inductee into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame, in Saratoga Springs, New York. La Prevoyante joined him in 1995. It was announced in June, 2014, that Northern Dancer's owner, E.P. Taylor, would be inducted into the American Hall later this summer as a "Pillars of the Turf" for his significant contributions to the industry. Taylor, who passed away in 1989, was a former two-time Eclipse Award recipient as a breeder.
Northern Dancer's outstanding body of work on the racetrack, and unparalleled in the stud, and through sons, daughters, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and countless descendants, have created a legacy without equal. And it was on a Fort Erie, Ontario racetrack where the legend began.
Bibliography
Hill Rise and Northern Dancer were not the only prominent three-year-olds in the spring of 1964. Following them in Derby favoritism were The Scoundrel, and the Elliott Burch trained Quadrangle. On April 18 a competitive field of nine three-year-olds gathered for the East's principle Derby prep, the 1 1/8 mile Wood Memorial at Aqueduct. In the field were Mr. Brick, Quadrangle, Roman Brother, Traffic, Knightly Manner, Chieftain, and three longshots. When the race was over, Quadrangle was the victor, followed by Mr Brick, and Roman Brother, all who would appear in Louisville on May 2.
On April 26 Quadrangle drilled a mile in 1:40 3/5. Eight days later Mr. Brick, running for the first time without blinkers, recorded a half-length win over The Scoundrel in the Stepping Stone Purse at Churchill Downs. The day after the Stepping Stone, Hill Rise scored his eighth consecutive win by a decisive two and a quarter length margin in the one mile Derby Trial, over a good track. Roman Brother finished second. The winner's time was an excellent 1:35 1/5, only two-fifths off the record.
With all the preparations done, and the fabled Kentucky race in a few days, the order of favoritism had Hill Rise at 6-5, followed by Northern Dancer at 5-2. Quadrangle and The Scoundrel came next, then Roman Brother and Mr. Brick.
On Friday, May 1, Quadrangle had a gallop, while Northern Dancer and Mr. Brick worked five furlongs.
Shall we dance?
The 90th edition of racing's "big dance" drew a field of twelve runners for a share of the $125,000-added purse. The post positions from the rail out were Mr. Brick, Quadrangle, Wil Rad, Extra Swell, Mr. Moonlight, The Scoundrel, Northern Dancer, Ishkoodah, Dandy K, Royal Shuck, Hill Rise, and Roman Brother. The weather forecast was good. The grand total reward was $156,800 with $114,300 going to the winner. Northern Dancer, who had already bankrolled $280,572, was the highest earner ever from Canada, and with the lucrative cash from this race would see his pot swell if he emerged on top. Roman Brother, who won the Champagne as a two-year-old, before winning the Bahamas and Everglades, was owned by Louis Wolfson's Harbor View Farm, and coming into the affair as the highest career earner with $290,740. Mr. Brick had been the busiest horse in the field, having already raced twenty-four times, eighteen as a two-year-old, with runner-up finishes in the Bahamas--before being disqualified--and again in the Everglades. Quadrangle, in addition to his win in the Wood Memorial, had annexed the Futurity at Pimlico as a juvenile. These horses liked being in front or off the pace, except for the closer Ishkoodah.
Like Nearctic, Northern Dancer could be defiant. With 100,000 people looking on, he refused to walk into the starting gate and wasn't exactly gentle on one of the handlers either. When he had had enough fun, he moved his roughly 950 pound frame into position and it was business as usual. Hill Rise, at about 1,100 pounds, was loaded four stalls down. When the gate opened Mr. Brick took the lead with Royal Shuck next and Wil Rad tracking in third, through a quarter in :22 2/5, and a half in :46. Northern Dancer was the seventh horse to leave, then rated about mid-pack, and saved ground just behind Hill Rise, as they approached the clubhouse turn. In the backstretch Mr. Brick and Royal Shuck maintained the pace. Approaching the far turn Mr. Brick kept company with The Scoundrel, who took the lead rounding the bend. Northern Dancer began to engage, quickly advancing into contention, and after six furlongs run in 1:10 3/5, the Nearctic colt took the lead as they straightened into the stretch. Hill Rise took the turn wide, but was relentlessly dusting off horses, bearing down aggressively to the outside of the new leader. About mid-stretch Northern Dancer was ahead by one and a half lengths but his lead was rapidly shrinking. Hill Rise was coming fast and reached Northern Dancer's outside flank. As they crossed the wire, side by side, Northern Dancer was in front by a diminishing neck. Hill Rise was three and a quarter lengths ahead of The Scoundrel, who in turn was a scant nose to the good of the fourth arrival Roman Brother. Quadrangle was fifth. The finishing time was 2:00 minutes flat.
The race had been monumental for the Northern Dancer team. The horse was the first from his country to win the most famous dirt race in the world, and he had done it in the fastest time ever, breaking Decidedly's old mark of 2:00 2/5. Hartack, in getting his fourth Derby victory, had now been aboard two record setting winners in three years.
Of the twelve horses who ran in the race, only four were bred in Kentucky. The winner was from Canada. There were four California-breds, Hill Rise, The Scoundrel, tenth place Wil Rad, and eleventh place Extra Swell. Two came from Florida, Roman Brother and ninth finisher Iskoodah. Quadrangle was a Virginia-bred. The Kentucky-breds were sixth, seventh and eighth place finishers Mr. Brick, Mr. Moonlight, and Dandy K, respectively, with Royal Shuck coming home last.
Northern Dancer and Hill Rise would run in the Preakness Stakes.
Pimlico
Pimlico's 88th Preakness, in Baltimore, Maryland, would be worth an added $150,000. A half furlong shorter than the Derby at 1 3/16 miles, the probable starters besides Northern Dancer and Hill Rise were The Scoundrel, Roman Brother, Quadrangle, Knightly Manner, and possibly Big Pete. Following the Derby Mr. Brick won the one mile Withers, but was doubtful for the Preakness.
Hill Rise went into the second leg of the Triple Crown again the favorite over Northern Dancer, who was 2-1. The field had only six runners, half the Derby size, and the attendance was somewhere between 36,000-40,000. The track was fast but would become tiring. When the group was sent away, Big Pete jumped to the lead with Northern Dancer, The Scoundrel, and Hill Rise also in early contention. Approaching the first turn Big Pete maintained his position with Quadrangle engaging him, along with Northern Dancer, Hill Rise, and the Scoundrel. Roman Brother trailed. Approaching the far turn Big Pete was done, as Northern Dancer made his bid, taking the lead out of the turn into the stretch. The little colt began to draw away at the eighth pole with Hill Rise, The Scoundrel, and Quadrangle strung out across the track, battling for the placings. At the wire it was Northern Dancer by two and a quarter lengths, with The Scoundrel next, a head in front of Hill Rise, who was a half length to the good of Quadrangle. Roman Brother and Big Pete rounded out the field. The fractions had been :25 1/5, :48 2/5, 1:12 2/5, and 1:37 3/5, with Luro's colt finishing in 1:56 4/5. The total purse was $176,700, with Northern Dancer collecting $124,200, boosting his year's earnings to $304,237 and for his career $519,092. It was Hartack's second Preakness win following his victory in 1956 aboard Calumet Farm's Fabius.
Shoemaker, who had now lost twice on Hill Rise, conceded the Canadian colt's superiority.
Going for the sweep
Northern Dancer would now go into the 1 1/2 mile Belmont Stakes on June 6 as the favorite and Hill Rise would once again try and beat him. The 96th running would have a $125,000-added purse. Roman Brother, who won Garden State Park's 1 1/8 mile Jersey Derby on May 30, was possible as was Quadrangle who had recently run second against older horses in the Metropolitan Mile. The Belmont Stakes, the oldest of the three classics, and called the "test of the champion," would be held at Aqueduct while Belmont Park curtailed racing for renovation.
Northern Dancer had a light work on Sunday, May 31, and a 1 1/4 mile drill the next day, finishing in 2:04 1/5, on the Belmont track. Hill Rise also covered the distance in the same time at Aqueduct.
On June 2, Northern Dancer and Hill Rise were the only confirmed starters for the Belmont but two days later the final number was eight with Northern Dancer the 4-5 favorite, Hill Rise next at 2-1, followed by Quadrangle and Roman Brother, both at 8-1. Determined Man and Shook were 20-1, with Orientalist and Brave Lad, 30-1. Northern Dancer and Hill Rise had blowouts on Friday, June 5, both going five furlongs in 1:02 1/5.
Spoiler
Northern Dancer was now one race away from becoming the first Triple Crown winner since Citation in 1948. Although a North American horse, he could also become the first racehorse bred outside the U.S. to win the coveted prize. Everything the horse had thus far done seemed to destine him for the highest racing glory.
In front of 61,215 spectators, the entries moved into line, with Determined Man taking post one, Shook 1A, Northern Dancer post two, and Hill Rise next to him in three. Quadrangle, racing for the first time without blinkers, entered post four, and Orientalist would break from five. Roman Brother, who was probably smaller than Northern Dancer, was in six, and Brave Lad would break from post seven.
The Aqueduct gate opened with Orientalist going out in front, followed by Hill Rise, Quadrangle, Northern Dancer, Roman Brother, Brave Lad, and the early trailer Determined Man. The pace would be slow, but Hartack kept an eager Northern Dancer restrained. With a half in :49, and three-quarters in 1:14 4/5, Orientalist maintained his lead through a mile in 1:39 2/5. Quadrangle then went out in front, with Roman Brother and Northern Dancer giving chase as they entered the stretch. In mid-stretch it was clearly Quadrangle in charge, under Manuel Ycaza. Roman Brother started outrunning Northern Dancer about two furlongs out, with Hill Rise tagging along. Nearing the wire it was evident who the winner would be. Quadrangle, a big, imposing bay son of multiple stakes winner Cohoes, out of the Bull Lea mare Tap Day, crossed the finish first, two lengths ahead of Roman Brother. Northern Dancer was another four lengths back and a half length ahead of Hill Rise.
With ten furlongs run in 2:04, Quadrangle completed the distance in 2:28 2/5, almost two seconds slower than Gallant Man's (GB) record 2:26 3/5. The winner's share was $110,850, with Roman Brother receiving $25,000, Northern Dancer $12,500, and Hill Rise $6,250. The remaining order of finish was Brave Lad, Orientalist, Determined Man, and Shook.
Northern Dancer had lost the race, but had won the admiration and affection of many people especially in Canada. He would have a warm welcome waiting for him back home.
Homecoming and retirement
Northern Dancer returned to Canada a hero, loved by his public, many of them youth. Two weeks after the Belmont the colt made his next start in another Triple Crown race, Canada's 1 1/4 mile Queen's Plate at Woodbine, the oldest continuously run Thoroughbred race in North America and the first leg of their triage. Hartack stayed in the irons and the pair faced seven other Canadian-breds in the restricted event, with each carrying 126 pounds.
The 105th running, on June 20, offered a purse of $74,075, with a winner's paycheck of $49,075. In front of 31,000 spectators, Northern Dancer trailed the field early and continued to lag behind until Hartack prompted him. The horse made a powerful sweep around the final turn easily defeating his outmatched rivals by seven and a half lengths in a time of 2:02 1/5. Langcrest, another Nearctic son, was second, followed by Grand Garcon, the horse who had defeated Northern Dancer in his juvenile season.
Luro took Northern Dancer back to the States where he prepared him for Saratoga's 1 1/4 mile Travers Stakes on August 22; unfortunately during training he suffered a bowed tendon, precluding another start. It was too risky to keep racing him and on November 6, 1964, owner E.P. Taylor announced Northern Dancer's retirement. The great colt had been a competitor of the highest echelon, with an enormous will to drive himself. He had run the good race, fought the good fight, and had done Canada extremely proud. In his two year career, Northern Dancer never finished lower than third, making eighteen starts for fourteen wins, 2 seconds, 2 thirds, and $580,647 in earnings.
A champion forever
Northern Dancer was a consensus U.S. Champion Three-Year-Old Male, Canada's Horse of the Year, and divisional champion. In December he also achieved the distinction never before given to an animal. Over all humans, Northern Dancer was named Canada's Athlete of the Year by Canadian sportswriters.
A good, long life
Northern Dancer began his second life as a stallion in Canada but was later moved to the Windfields Farm in Maryland. Of the horse's 635 foals, 146 were stakes winners. He was also broodmare sire of 240 stakes winners. Northern Dancer led the American sire list in 1971, broodmare list in 1991, and was leading sire in England four times. Many of his progeny sold for millions of dollars each, with an average price of over $900,000.
Due to declining fertility, Northern Dancer was pensioned in 1987. The champion racehorse, the first Canadian Kentucky Derby winner, the first horse to run the race in two minutes flat, who won two-thirds of America's Triple Crown, and began a stud career for a fee of $10,000, had ultimately commanded $1 million per covered mare with no guaranteed live foal. A fitting final tribute to the stallion were his last two yearlings, who were sold in 1989. Japanese buyer Zenya Yoshida paid $2.8 million for a Northern Dancer bay colt, out of the English champion mare Mrs. Penny, at a Keeneland select yearling sale. The yearling would become Northern Park, a group stakes winner and multiple group placed in Europe. Northern Park was the broodmare sire of the bay filly Silver Cup (IRE), a winner in Europe, before coming to the States where she won Santa Anita's San Gorgonio, Buena Vista, and Santa Ana Handicaps on the turf. The other Northern Dancer yearling, out of the mare Gleaming Smile, sold for $700,000. He was given the name Il Corsaro, an unraced bay colt.
For the ages
On the morning of Friday, November 16, 1990, the great racer and stallion, Northern Dancer, was humanely put to sleep after a bout of colic. He had lived a phenomenal twenty-nine years and was now returning home to Canada and laid to rest. News spread quickly throughout the racing world.
Northern Dancer was among the first group of thirteen inductees to the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame in 1976, along with his son, and England's last Triple Crown winner, Nijinsky II. Victoria Park was also inducted, along with Nearctic's granddaughter La Prevoyante. Also among these inaugural inductees was Sir Barton, the first American Triple Crown winner. Nearctic was inducted the following year and Natalma in 2007. Northern Dancer was also a 1976 inductee into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame, in Saratoga Springs, New York. La Prevoyante joined him in 1995. It was announced in June, 2014, that Northern Dancer's owner, E.P. Taylor, would be inducted into the American Hall later this summer as a "Pillars of the Turf" for his significant contributions to the industry. Taylor, who passed away in 1989, was a former two-time Eclipse Award recipient as a breeder.
Northern Dancer's outstanding body of work on the racetrack, and unparalleled in the stud, and through sons, daughters, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and countless descendants, have created a legacy without equal. And it was on a Fort Erie, Ontario racetrack where the legend began.
Bibliography
(In addition to the sources listed in the bibliograpies, the writer studied videos on Northern Dancer via youtube.com.)
U.P.I., "Hill Rise, Nearco Blue and More Megaton Win Stakes Races at Santa Anita; 3 Colts Triumph In Sprint Events," The New York Times, December 29, 1963, p. 57, col. 1.
A.P., "Hill Rise Takes Rich San Felipe," The New York Times, February 13, 1964.
United Press International, "Hill Rise Is 6-Length Victor in $132,400 Santa Anita Race," The New York Times, March 1, 1964, p. 1, col. 1, p. 7, col. 6.
U.P.I., "Hill Rise Excels In Derby Tune-Up," The New York Times, April 18, 1964, p. 23 col. 4.
Joe Nichols, "60,000 Expected For 40th Running," The New York Times, April 18, 1964, p. 23, col. 1.
Abstract only, Joe Nichols, "58,132 at Aqueduct See Roman Brother Run Third; Quadrangle Wins Wood Memorial," The New York Times, April 19, 1964, p. S1, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E03EED81138E13ABC4152DFB266838F679EDE.
Joe Nichols, "Trial May Trim Field For Derby," The New York Times, April 27, 1964, http://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/27/trial-may-trim-field-for-derby.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Aw.
A.P., "First Race Without Blinkers Is a Success for Mr. Brick," April 27, 1964, http://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/27/trial-may-trim-field-for-derby.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Aw.
Joe Nichols, "Hill Rise Triumphs by 2 1/4 Lengths Over 'Good' Track in the Derby Trial; Coast Colt Takes Mile Race In 1:35 1/5," The New York Times, April 29, 1964, p. 32, col. 1.
Joe Nichols, "Hill Rise Holds Favorite's Role," The New York Times, April 30, 1964, p. 42.
Arthur Daley, "Sports of The Times," The New York Times, April 30,1964, http://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/30/sports-of-the-times.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Aw.
Joe Nichols, "Mr. Brick Draws No. 1 Post as Field for Tomorrow's Derby Narrows to 12; Favored Hill Rise Gets 11th Berth," The New York Times, May 1, 1964, p. 23, col. 1.
Joe Nichols, "Hill Rise Rated a 6-to-5 Favorite in 12-Horse Kentucky Derby Field Today; Northern Dancer 5-2 Second Choice," The New York Times, May 2, 1964, p. 18, col. 1.
Muriel Lennox, Northern Dancer: The Legend and His Legacy (Toronto, ON: Beach House Books, 1995), p. 95.
A.P., "Northern Dancer Beats Hill Rise In Fastest Kentucky Derby Ever; Scoundrel's Third, Roman Brother Fourth," The Miami News, May 3, 1964, p. 1C, col. 5, Google News, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2206&dat=19640503&id=oGMzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=L-oFAAAAIBAJ&pg=611,611012.
Joe Nichols, "Northern Dancer Wins Kentucky Derby By A Neck; Hill Rise Runs 2D; Track Record Broken by Canadian Colt -- The Scoundrel 3d," The New York Times, May 3, 1964, p. 1, col. 8, p. 3, col. 1.
A.P., "Northern Dancer Holds Off Hill Rise in Derby," Eugene Register-Guard, May 3, 1964, p. 1B, col. 1, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19640503&id=0fxVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dOMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1717,288738.
Triangle Publications Inc., (The Morning Telegraph), "Kentucky Derby Chart, 'Seventh,'" The New York Times, May 3, 1964, p. 1, col. 7-8.
Arthur Daley, "Sports of The Times," The New York Times, May 4, 1964, http://www.nytimes.com/1964/05/04/sports-of-the-times.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3As.
Orlo Robertson (Associated Press Sports Writer), "Northern Dancer Enters Preakness," The Gadsen Times, May 11, 1964, p. 7, col. 2, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1891&dat=19640510&id=CW0fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YNUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6347,1397372.
A.P., "Northern Dancer Wins Second Leg of Triple," Eugene Register-Guard, May 17, 1964, p. 2-B, col. 1, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19640517&id=3_xVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dOMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4410,3713123.
Joe Nichols, "Northern Dancer Is Victor In $176,700 Preakness; The Scoundrel 2D; Trails $6.20 Victor by 2 1/4 Lengths - Odds-on Hill Rise Runs Third," The New York Times, May 17, 1964, p. 1, col. 7.
U.P.I., "Northern Dancer won Preakness in first quarter-mile - says trainer," The Bulletin, May 18, 1964, p. 7, col. 1, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1243&dat=19640518&id=7vdYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=TvcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2378,1023020.
A.P., "Northern Dancer Is Three Today - - Gets Carrot Cake," Ocala Star-Banner, May 27, 1964, p. 13, col. 2, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19640527&id=nG1PAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-wQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2150,5705267.
Associated Press, "Northern Dancer Faces Biggest Hurdle," Evening Independent, June 1, 1964, p. 16-A, Col. 1, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19640601&id=6RpQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7VYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7302,123347.
A.P., "Small Field to challenge Dancer in Belmont Stakes," Spokane Daily Chronicle, June 2, 1964, p. 12, col. 1, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19640602&id=9VVYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lPcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4849,468101.
U.P.I., "Northern Dancer Tops Belmont," Deseret News And Telegram, June 5, 1964, p. 8B, col. 6, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19640605&id=oYwqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eFgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3825,1236971.
A.P., "Quadrangle Spoils Northern Dancer's Bid," Eugene Register-Guard, June 7, 1964, p. 2B, col. 3, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19640607&id=s_1VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=--IDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4938,1098583.
Orlo Robertson, "Quadrangle Upset Winner in Belmont; Roman Brother 2nd, Northern Dancer 3rd," Reading Eagle, June 7, 1964, p. 47, col. 6, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19640607&id=qhcrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=D50FAAAAIBAJ&pg=4128,2812716.
Joe Reichler, "Ycaza Certain of Win At Quarter-Mile Pole," Reading Eagle, June 7, 1964, p. 47, col. 7, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19640607&id=qhcrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=D50FAAAAIBAJ&pg=4128,2812716.
Lennox, Northern Dancer, p. 103.
A.P., "Northern Dancer Licks Queen's Plate Field," St. Petersburg Times, June 21, 1964, p. 5-C, col. 5, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19640621&id=m2JSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6XwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5157,308237.
A.P., "Northern Dancer Injured Slightly," The Tuscaloosa News, August 2, 1964, p. 11, col. 8, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1817&dat=19640802&id=swsfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_poEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6042,118710.
U.P.I., "Northern Dancer May Be Through Due To Injury," Lodi New-Sentinel, August 19, 1964, p. 10, col. 3, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19640819&id=TZozAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gzIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=4697,3551142.
Lennox, Northern Dancer, pp. 111-114, 191.
Thoroughbred Times Co., Inc., The Original Thoroughbred Times Racing Almanac 2009 (Lexington, KY: Thoroughbred Times Books, 2008), p. 86.
A.P., "Northern Dancer goes out with $2.8 million yearling," Daily News, July 19, 1989, p. 4B, col. 4, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1696&dat=19890719&id=Xw0dAAAAIBAJ&sjid=E5gEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6982,2987924.
Reuter, "Northern Dancer to stud," Manila Standard, April 21, 1987, p. 7, col. 1, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1370&dat=19870421&id=0WwVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gwsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3694,5348047.
"Mrs. Penny," Pedigree Online Thoroughbred Database,
http://www.pedigreequery.com/mrs+penny.
"Northern Park," Pedigree Online Thoroughbre Database,
http://www.pedigreequery.com/northern+park.
"Silver Cup," Pedigree Online Thoroughbred Database,
http://www.pedigreequery.com/silver+cup10.
Thoroughbred Times Co., Inc., The Original Thoroughbred Times Racing Almanac 2009, pp. 279, 439, 444.
Associated Press, "Northern Dancer succumbs to colic," Ocala Star-Banner, November 17, 1990, p. 1C, col. 4, p. 5C, col. 4, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19901117&id=PCkxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JQcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1714,6153842.
"Northern Dancer," Hall of Fame Inductee, 1976, Thoroughbred, Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame, http://horseracinghalloffame.com/1976/12/04/northern-dancer/.
Thoroughbreds, Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame, http://canadianhorseracinghalloffame.com/?page_id=420.
Hall Of Fame, Thoroughbred Race Horses, National Museum Of Racing And Hall Of Fame, http://www.racingmuseum.org/hall-of-fame/Horses.asp?varsort=name.
Blood-Horse Staff, "E.R. Bradley, E.P. Taylor in Hall of Fame," June 16, 2014, Blood-Horse, http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/85712/e-r-bradley-e-p-taylor-in-hall-of-fame.
Copyright 2014 by John Califano
Joe Nichols, "60,000 Expected For 40th Running," The New York Times, April 18, 1964, p. 23, col. 1.
Abstract only, Joe Nichols, "58,132 at Aqueduct See Roman Brother Run Third; Quadrangle Wins Wood Memorial," The New York Times, April 19, 1964, p. S1, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E03EED81138E13ABC4152DFB266838F679EDE.
Joe Nichols, "Trial May Trim Field For Derby," The New York Times, April 27, 1964, http://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/27/trial-may-trim-field-for-derby.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Aw.
A.P., "First Race Without Blinkers Is a Success for Mr. Brick," April 27, 1964, http://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/27/trial-may-trim-field-for-derby.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Aw.
Joe Nichols, "Hill Rise Triumphs by 2 1/4 Lengths Over 'Good' Track in the Derby Trial; Coast Colt Takes Mile Race In 1:35 1/5," The New York Times, April 29, 1964, p. 32, col. 1.
Joe Nichols, "Hill Rise Holds Favorite's Role," The New York Times, April 30, 1964, p. 42.
Arthur Daley, "Sports of The Times," The New York Times, April 30,1964, http://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/30/sports-of-the-times.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Aw.
Joe Nichols, "Mr. Brick Draws No. 1 Post as Field for Tomorrow's Derby Narrows to 12; Favored Hill Rise Gets 11th Berth," The New York Times, May 1, 1964, p. 23, col. 1.
Joe Nichols, "Hill Rise Rated a 6-to-5 Favorite in 12-Horse Kentucky Derby Field Today; Northern Dancer 5-2 Second Choice," The New York Times, May 2, 1964, p. 18, col. 1.
Muriel Lennox, Northern Dancer: The Legend and His Legacy (Toronto, ON: Beach House Books, 1995), p. 95.
A.P., "Northern Dancer Beats Hill Rise In Fastest Kentucky Derby Ever; Scoundrel's Third, Roman Brother Fourth," The Miami News, May 3, 1964, p. 1C, col. 5, Google News, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2206&dat=19640503&id=oGMzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=L-oFAAAAIBAJ&pg=611,611012.
Joe Nichols, "Northern Dancer Wins Kentucky Derby By A Neck; Hill Rise Runs 2D; Track Record Broken by Canadian Colt -- The Scoundrel 3d," The New York Times, May 3, 1964, p. 1, col. 8, p. 3, col. 1.
A.P., "Northern Dancer Holds Off Hill Rise in Derby," Eugene Register-Guard, May 3, 1964, p. 1B, col. 1, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19640503&id=0fxVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dOMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1717,288738.
Triangle Publications Inc., (The Morning Telegraph), "Kentucky Derby Chart, 'Seventh,'" The New York Times, May 3, 1964, p. 1, col. 7-8.
Arthur Daley, "Sports of The Times," The New York Times, May 4, 1964, http://www.nytimes.com/1964/05/04/sports-of-the-times.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3As.
Orlo Robertson (Associated Press Sports Writer), "Northern Dancer Enters Preakness," The Gadsen Times, May 11, 1964, p. 7, col. 2, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1891&dat=19640510&id=CW0fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YNUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6347,1397372.
A.P., "Northern Dancer Wins Second Leg of Triple," Eugene Register-Guard, May 17, 1964, p. 2-B, col. 1, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19640517&id=3_xVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dOMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4410,3713123.
Joe Nichols, "Northern Dancer Is Victor In $176,700 Preakness; The Scoundrel 2D; Trails $6.20 Victor by 2 1/4 Lengths - Odds-on Hill Rise Runs Third," The New York Times, May 17, 1964, p. 1, col. 7.
U.P.I., "Northern Dancer won Preakness in first quarter-mile - says trainer," The Bulletin, May 18, 1964, p. 7, col. 1, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1243&dat=19640518&id=7vdYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=TvcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2378,1023020.
A.P., "Northern Dancer Is Three Today - - Gets Carrot Cake," Ocala Star-Banner, May 27, 1964, p. 13, col. 2, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19640527&id=nG1PAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-wQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2150,5705267.
Associated Press, "Northern Dancer Faces Biggest Hurdle," Evening Independent, June 1, 1964, p. 16-A, Col. 1, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19640601&id=6RpQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7VYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7302,123347.
A.P., "Small Field to challenge Dancer in Belmont Stakes," Spokane Daily Chronicle, June 2, 1964, p. 12, col. 1, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19640602&id=9VVYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lPcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4849,468101.
U.P.I., "Northern Dancer Tops Belmont," Deseret News And Telegram, June 5, 1964, p. 8B, col. 6, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19640605&id=oYwqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eFgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3825,1236971.
A.P., "Quadrangle Spoils Northern Dancer's Bid," Eugene Register-Guard, June 7, 1964, p. 2B, col. 3, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19640607&id=s_1VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=--IDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4938,1098583.
Orlo Robertson, "Quadrangle Upset Winner in Belmont; Roman Brother 2nd, Northern Dancer 3rd," Reading Eagle, June 7, 1964, p. 47, col. 6, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19640607&id=qhcrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=D50FAAAAIBAJ&pg=4128,2812716.
Joe Reichler, "Ycaza Certain of Win At Quarter-Mile Pole," Reading Eagle, June 7, 1964, p. 47, col. 7, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19640607&id=qhcrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=D50FAAAAIBAJ&pg=4128,2812716.
Lennox, Northern Dancer, p. 103.
A.P., "Northern Dancer Licks Queen's Plate Field," St. Petersburg Times, June 21, 1964, p. 5-C, col. 5, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19640621&id=m2JSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6XwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5157,308237.
A.P., "Northern Dancer Injured Slightly," The Tuscaloosa News, August 2, 1964, p. 11, col. 8, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1817&dat=19640802&id=swsfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_poEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6042,118710.
U.P.I., "Northern Dancer May Be Through Due To Injury," Lodi New-Sentinel, August 19, 1964, p. 10, col. 3, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19640819&id=TZozAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gzIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=4697,3551142.
Lennox, Northern Dancer, pp. 111-114, 191.
Thoroughbred Times Co., Inc., The Original Thoroughbred Times Racing Almanac 2009 (Lexington, KY: Thoroughbred Times Books, 2008), p. 86.
A.P., "Northern Dancer goes out with $2.8 million yearling," Daily News, July 19, 1989, p. 4B, col. 4, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1696&dat=19890719&id=Xw0dAAAAIBAJ&sjid=E5gEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6982,2987924.
Reuter, "Northern Dancer to stud," Manila Standard, April 21, 1987, p. 7, col. 1, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1370&dat=19870421&id=0WwVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gwsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3694,5348047.
"Mrs. Penny," Pedigree Online Thoroughbred Database,
http://www.pedigreequery.com/mrs+penny.
"Northern Park," Pedigree Online Thoroughbre Database,
http://www.pedigreequery.com/northern+park.
"Silver Cup," Pedigree Online Thoroughbred Database,
http://www.pedigreequery.com/silver+cup10.
Thoroughbred Times Co., Inc., The Original Thoroughbred Times Racing Almanac 2009, pp. 279, 439, 444.
Associated Press, "Northern Dancer succumbs to colic," Ocala Star-Banner, November 17, 1990, p. 1C, col. 4, p. 5C, col. 4, Google news, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19901117&id=PCkxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JQcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1714,6153842.
"Northern Dancer," Hall of Fame Inductee, 1976, Thoroughbred, Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame, http://horseracinghalloffame.com/1976/12/04/northern-dancer/.
Thoroughbreds, Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame, http://canadianhorseracinghalloffame.com/?page_id=420.
Hall Of Fame, Thoroughbred Race Horses, National Museum Of Racing And Hall Of Fame, http://www.racingmuseum.org/hall-of-fame/Horses.asp?varsort=name.
Blood-Horse Staff, "E.R. Bradley, E.P. Taylor in Hall of Fame," June 16, 2014, Blood-Horse, http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/85712/e-r-bradley-e-p-taylor-in-hall-of-fame.
Copyright 2014 by John Califano
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