CITATION: A Love Story

(This is the first of a five part series.)

He began a storied career on an April day in 1947, at Havre de Grace racetrack in Maryland. After two campaigns, perhaps unsurpassed before or since in American racing, injury had finally caught up to the great horse. The later years marked a stark contrast to the dominance he had demonstrated in the earlier ones, the powerful ease now replaced with gallant effort. The strong frame and quick limbs didn't move with the same authority and fluidity; but as he perservered courageously, the heart stayed resolute, sturdy, and unchanging. The horse of steel, the legend, Citation, became a model of Thoroughbred virtue. The big bay had remained the brightest equine star in racing's firmament, and had long ago attained what few athletes, equine or human, could ever legitimately claim: sports immortality.

It was sixty years ago, the date July 14, 1951, the venue Hollywood Park, California. Citation, six-years-old, had brought back memories of those golden moments, once achieved with stunning regularity. The instant he crossed the wire, he had established another milestone, capping off an extraordinary list of accomplishments and saying farewell with touching dignity and grace. But had this final achievement come at a price too high? Leaving the track for the last time, he undoubtedly left his legions of followers with a reminder; that even at such a price, he was still...the immortal Citation.

PART ONE: THE HERITAGE

The following discussion highlights key individuals, primarily in the immediate five generations of Citation's pedigree, and illuminates their achievements on the track and in the stud. His bloodlines are deeply rich in English and French horses.

THE SIRES

Citation's ancestry began twenty-one generations ago with a bay colt, foaled around 1700, and later imported to England from the Middle East. One of three Foundation Sires, credited with the genesis of the Thoroughbred breed, this stallion was the Darley Arabian, whose blood coursed through the veins of nearly two centuries of Thoroughbreds until only five generations removed, reached those horses who would produce a masterpiece equine athlete named Citation.

Fifth Sire – Flying Fox (GB)

Flying Fox was bred and owned by the First Duke of Westminster. His paternal grandsire was Ormonde (GB), a roarer, who was also plagued with splints; yet despite these maladies, he was undefeated in a sixteen race career, which included the English Triple Crown, consisting of the one mile Two Thousand Guineas, 1 ½ mile Epsom Derby, and 1 ¾ mile St. Leger. Ormonde, considered the best English racehorse of the nineteenth century, sired Orme, who also became a stakes winner. Orme's cover of Vampire thus produced the bay colt Flying Fox in 1896. The racer Flying Fox was a good weight carrier, extremely talented, and with early brilliance. At age three, he won all six starts and emulated his grandsire's Triple Crown feat, in addition to annexing the Eclipse, Prince of Wales and Jockey Club Stakes.

Later sold to France, Flying Fox sired many European stakes winners, including son Ajax.

Fourth Sire – Ajax (FR.)

Ajax, foaled in 1901, out of the Clamart (FR.) mare Amie (FR.) was a very elegant bay colt. He raced only five times but never lost, counting among his victories the Prix du Jockey Club and Grand Prix de Paris. Ajax was successful in the stud and after a mating with the multiple stakes winning mare Rondeau (GB), sired Teddy.

Third Sire – Teddy (FR.)

Teddy was a bay horse, arriving on the scene in 1913. He raced both in Spain and France, captured several key stakes before beginning a career as a stallion, eventually making his way to the United States. Among his brightest luminaries were Sir Gallahad (FR.), out of Plucky Liege (GB), the great broodmare La Troienne (FR.), and the Italian racer Ortello (ITY.).

Sir Gallahad won the Poule d'Essai des Poulains and the Prix Jacques le Marois and later, as Sir Gallahad III, was a four-time leading sire and an extremely illustrious broodmare sire, leading that list twelve times and making a lasting imprint on American breeding. Among his sons were 1930 American Triple Crown winner Gallant Fox, and Kentucky Derby winners Gallahadion and Hoop Jr., both in the 1940s.

La Troienne, another import to the United States, became a giant in the country's breeding. To name just a few of her direct descendents were Busher, Affectionately, Buckpasser, Numbered Account, Allez France, Relaxing, Easy Goer and Sea Hero.

Ortello dominated racing in Italy and defeated the best in Europe in the 1929 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. He went on to become an important sire in his country.

Teddy was also fifth generation sire to the line which eventually led to Sword Dancer, the 1959 American Horse of the Year, who in turn sired the great Damascus.

Plucky Liege, a pivotal broodmare, showed precociousness on the track as a two-year-old sprinter. She was sired by Epsom Derby/Grand Prix de Paris winner Spearmint (GB) out of the St. Simon (GB) mare Concertina (GB). Spearmint was sired by the greatest Australian racer of the nineteenth century, Carbine (NZ), whose achievements as a racehorse bordered on the unbelievable. Born in 1885, the bay colt Carbine made forty-three starts, winning thirty-three, with six seconds, and three thirds, after capturing a wide array of prestigious races, some two and three times. Among his wins was the two mile Melbourne Cup in 1890, under 145 pounds, in a field of thirty-nine. St. Simon, a bay colt, foaled in 1881, was outstanding both as a racehorse and a stallion. He went undefeated in nine starts, including wins in the two and a half mile Ascot Gold Cup and two mile Goodwood Cup. A tail-male line predecessor of Princequillo (GB) and Ribot (GB), St. Simon was a perennial leading sire.

The other notable offspring from a Teddy-Plucky Liege mating was Bull Dog.

Grandsire – Bull Dog(FR.)

Sir Gallahad's full brother, Bull Dog, was a brown horse, foaled in 1927. He made eight starts and won two stakes. After being sold, he came to America, where he led the sire list in 1943 and broodmare sire list four times in the 1950s. Notable names through his daughters were the handicap champion and Horse of the Year Tom Fool, who later sired Buckpasser; Rough 'n Tumble, the sire of legendary Dr. Fager; and a brown colt out of Isolde by Royal Gem III, named Dark Star, winner of the 1953 Run for the Roses against a field that included the fabulous and previously unbeaten Native Dancer.

Bull Dog is perhaps best remembered for his cover to an unraced American-bred brown mare named Rose Leaves. From that cover, in 1935 a brown colt was born and given the name Bull Lea.

Sire – Bull Lea

Bull Lea's racing credentials were respectable with a resume showing twenty-seven starts, ten wins, seven seconds and three thirds. Among his victories were the 1 1/8 mile Blue Grass Stakes in 1938, and the 1 ¼ mile Widener Handicap the following year. As a stallion, Bull Lea led the North American sire list five times and broodmare sire list four. His output of champions and stakes winners included Horse of the Year Armed, champions Coaltown, Two Lea, Twilight Tear, Bewitch, Real Delight, and Derby winners Hill Gail and Iron Liege. Through his daughters came champions Barbizon and Tim Tam, Preakness winner Gate Dancer, Belmont Stakes winner Quadrangle, and Bramalea, the dam of the superb European champion and stallion Roberto.

Although these descendents were more than enough to ensure Bull Lea's legacy, one son would overshadow all of them.

THE DAMS

In tail-female line, Citation's lineage traces back to the English Foundation Mare, who was called Dam of the Two True Blues (GB). This mare, born in the last decade of the seventeenth century, was a daughter of the Byerley Turk Foundation Sire, a black/brown horse foaled in 1680. The damline made Citation a member of family number three. The system, devised by nineteenth century pedigree researcher Bruce Lowe, gave each family a number, based on wins in the English classics, namely the Derby, Oaks and St. Leger. Tracking a damline back to its Foundation Mare, the members who compiled the most victories were designated Family number one, and so on. Lowe counted over forty mares, a number later expanded. His system is mentioned here more for historical than practical interest.

Fifth Dam – Broad Corrie (GB)

The bay mare Broad Corrie, foaled in 1889, was a daughter of the superb racer Hampton (GB), out of the Galopin (GB) mare Corrie Roy (GB). Hampton, a bay horse, gifted with stamina, started as a hurdler but later took to the flat, counting among his wins the Goodwood and Doncaster Cups in 1877. Broad Corrie's own race record is unclear although she apparently won several stakes races. She was bred to Isinglass (GB), a brown horse, who boasted a race record of eleven wins and a second in twelve starts, including the Triple Crown in 1893, the Eclipse Stakes the following year and Ascot Gold Cup as a five-year-old.

The offspring of Broad Corrie and Isinglass was the bay filly Glasalt (GB), foaled in 1898.

Fourth Dam – Glasalt (GB)

Third Dam – Glacier (GB)

Second Dam – Toboggan (GB)

Glasalt, a stakes winner at age two, produced the filly Canyon (GB) by Chaucer (GB), in 1913. Canyon would capture the One Thousand Guineas, and later as a broodmare was bred to the great ancestral stallion Phalaris, producing a brown colt in 1923 named Colorado (GB), who would win the Two Thousand Guineas, Princess of Wales and Eclipse Stakes. Several years earlier, Glasalt had been bred to St. Simon, producing a bay female foal in 1907, who would be called Glacier, who in turn was bred to Hurry On (GB), a tremendously gifted racehorse, and undefeated in six outings ranging from a mile to over two miles. The foal of Glacier and Hurry On was the filly Toboggan, born in 1925, and who won the Epsom Oaks three years later.

Gainsborough (GB) – Selene (GB)

Gainsborough, a bay colt, foaled in 1915, also won the Triple Crown, and became a leading sire. One of the mares Gainsborough covered was champion racer Mumtaz Mahal (GB), and the offspring was Mah Mahal (GB), the later dam of the gray horse Mahmoud (FR.), English champion and successful stallion. As a broodmare sire, Mahmoud's daughters produced Derby winner Determine, Belmont Stakes winner Gallant Man (GB), and Grey Dawn (FR.), a two-year-old champion in France, and the only horse to defeat Sea-Bird (FR.). Another Mahmoud daughter, Boudoir (GB), dropped a chestnut colt in 1947, who was named Your Host, the future sire of the incomparable five-time Horse of the Year Kelso. Mahmoud was also damsire of Silver Spoon, a filly who will be mentioned again in the final part of this story.

The bay mare Selene, by Chaucer out of the Minoru mare Serenissima, was born in 1919 and became a solid racer and stakes winner. She also reached Gainsborough's court, and the two produced a chestnut male in 1930, who became one of the breed's finest horses. His name was Hyperion.

Broodmare Sire – Hyperion (GB)

Hyperion was a small colt with exceptional quality and talent. A champion in England at age three, he received a Timeform rating of 142. When his race career ended, he became a six-time leading sire and four-time leading damsire. A few of his children were duel American classic winner Pensive, European champion filly Sun Chariot (IRE), and Alibhai (GB), the paternal grandsire of Kelso. Hyperion was also grandsire of Forli (ARG.), who would sire the three-time Horse of the Year Forego, and paternal great-grandsire of the 1968 Arc winner, Vaguely Noble (IRE.).

One of Hyperion's girlfriends was Toboggan. After their trist, a chestnut filly, who would become Hydroplane, arrived in 1938.

Dam – Hydroplane II (GB)

Hydroplane was an undistinguished racer; however, Warren Wright owner of Calumet Farm in Kentucky, saw breeding value and purchased her from Lord Derby. Getting her safely to America was a concern however because of the War, when the Atlantic Ocean was infested with German submarines. A journey that circumvented the perilous waters enabled the mare to be safely, if not arduously, transported to the States. After arrival, she became Hydroplane II.

Hydroplane II was first bred to Sun Teddy, and produced a chestnut filly named Fly Off, born in 1943. As a racehorse, Fly Off posted forty-two starts with modest success. Hydroplane II was then bred to Bleinheim II, who had already sired Whirlaway, winner of the American Triple Crown in 1941. Hydroplane II's second foal, born in 1944, was a bay girl called Mermaid. Like her dam, Mermaid's racing career was uneventful.

Hydroplane II would now meet Calumet's big stallion, Bull Lea, and the two of them made such beautiful music together, that the masterpiece which had finally evolved from five generations, was a composition so great as to have few equals in the twentieth century.

The Kentucky-bred bay colt by Bull Lea out of the Hyperion mare Hydroplane II, was born on April 11, 1945, approximately one month before Germany unconditionally surrendered, and closed the curtain on the European Theater. The honor of selecting a name for the colt went to a friend of Warren and Lucille Wright's. Because it was wartime, a word spoken quite often in honoring military servicemen was given to the foal: Citation. His own incredible story had begun.

To be continued...

Resources

http://www.pedigreequery.com/citation

http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/action/viewDocument?id=844

http://www.equineline.com/Free-5X-Pedigree.cfm?page_state=ORDER_AND_CONFIRM&reference_number=90840&registry=T&horse_name=Citation&dam_name=*Hydroplane II&foaling_year=1945&nicking_stats_indicator=Y

http://www.racingvictoria.net.au/p_Carbine.aspx

http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits.html

http://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricDams/EngFoundationMares/Family3/Family3.html

http://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricDams/FamilyNumbers.html

Page Cooper and Roger L. Treat, Man O' War (Yardley, PA: Westholme Publishing, 2004).

http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/HurryOn.html

http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/action/viewDocument?id=1044

http://www.tbheritage.com/TurfHallmarks/clwinners.html

http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/jsp/index.jsp

http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/action/viewDocument?id=838

Thoroughbred Times Co., Inc., The Original Thoroughbred Times Racing Almanac 2009 (Lexington, KY: Thoroughbred Times Books, 2008).

Pohla Smith, Citation Thoroughbred Legends, No. 3 (Lexington, KY: Eclipse Press, 2000).

Robert Shoop, Down To The Wire: The Lives Of The Triple Crown Champions (Everson, WA; Chilliwack, BC: Russell Dean and Company, 2004).

Marvin Drager, The Most Glorious Crown: The Story of America's Triple Crown Thoroughbreds from Sir Barton to Affirmed (Chicago, Ill.: Triumph Books, 2005).

Copyright 2011, 2012 by John Califano

Beacon of New Orleans - Part Three: "My" Risen Star

For Risen Star it was the moment of truth and the opportunity to show the racing world the power and stamina his superior breeding had passed on to him. The Triple Crown, contested over five weeks, covering distances of 1 ¼ miles, 1 3/16 miles, and 1 ½ miles was right up his alley. If Risen Star was going to bring his vast potential to fruition, it would be now. It would not happen immediately however. As talented as he was, the Kentucky Derby was the most difficult race in America to win, not because it took the best three-year-old to finish first, but because there were so many factors besides talent that needed to coalesce. Risen Star would face sixteen other horses which meant the draw was critical to ensure a clean, clear start and improve the prospect for a good trip, where traffic congestion was as common as rush hour on a Los Angeles freeway. This possibility by itself was enough to keep a horse from using his ability to the fullest and be competitive. This one American race took a level of maturity, experience, foundation, skill, toughness, and good fortune, all parcelled out in equal parts, and each interdependent on the other. The bigger the field, the more these factors came into play. Besides his own ability, Risen Star had something else in his favor. He would now have the services of one of the country's premiere jockeys, Eddie Delahoussaye, a Cajun, who had moved his tack to the Southern California circuit. If anybody could get Risen Star to the wire first, it was Eddie.

A few Good Boys

Among the horses competing in the 114^th Run for the Roses on May 7, 1988, were Eclipse Champion Two-Year-Old Male Forty Niner; Brian's Time, Florida Derby winner; Proper Reality, Arkansas Derby winner; Granacus, Blue Grass Stakes winner; and Private Terms, undefeated in seven races, and coming into the big race with a win in the Wood Memorial. 

And then there was the girl.

Winning Colors

The big gray/roan filly Winning Colors, sired by Caro out of the Bold Hour mare All Rainbows, was owned by former San Diego Chargers boss Eugene Klein and bred at Echo Valley Horse Farm in Kentucky. Winning Colors, trained by D. Wayne Lukas, who had yet to win a Derby after twelve losing attempts, was a front runner who had dominated her division on the West Coast. Lightly raced at age two, she won when first asked on August 13, 1987 in a seven furlong maiden special weight at Saratoga by two and a half lengths. She moved to California, but didn't resume racing until late December when she annexed a six furlong allowance at Santa Anita by three and a half lengths under jockey Gary Stevens.

Winning Colors would be asked a lot and she would do a lot, earning herself a year-end divisional championship. She began a sophomore campaign that would be nothing short of electrifying, monumental, and ultimately coming to its seasonal climax later in the fall, in a race she lost. On January 20, in restricted company, Winning Colors won Santa Anita's one mile La Centinela by more than six lengths. In her first Grade 1 contest, she dropped a decision to future Kentucky Oaks winner Goodbye Halo by only a neck. Winning Colors bounced back beautifully in her next start, taking the 1 1/16 mile Santa Anita Oaks by eight lengths. She was now put to an even stiffer test against the boys in the Santa Anita Derby, where she made a mockery of the race. Before anyone knew what happened, Winning Colors had crossed the finish seven and a half lengths in front of her nearest competitor, Lively One. She would now be pointed for the loftiest of heights and meet the best of the best three-year-old males in Louisville Kentucky.

Derby Big Three

When they flung open the gates at Churchill Downs, the race was virtually over. Winning Colors got her easy lead, and set fractions of :23, :46 4/5, 1:11 2/5, and a mile in 1:36. She then began to tire as Forty Niner came flying late, but the filly succeeded in keeping him safe by a diminishing neck in the time of 2:02 1/5, to become only the third female in history to win the race, after Regret in 1915 and Genuine Risk in 1980. Forty Niner had gone with Winning Colors early but Pat Day dropped him back to conserve his fuel, a move that might have cost him the race; but Forty Niner proved he could finish strong at the classic distance. As for Risen Star, he had been stationed down in post one, with no opportunity to be in contention. He dropped well behind in the early stages, before being forced to go around horses in the far turn, where he had to advance extremely wide. Despite all the obstacles, he rallied exceptionally well to finish third. Private Terms, his win streak snapped, finished a disappointing ninth. He would make another run at Pimlico and have his speed honed in the interim. But the day belonged to the front running filly, who got her trip and made the most of it.

Confrontation

Several of the Derby horses would meet again in two weeks in Baltimore and Winning Colors would try and become the first female to win two legs of the Triple Crown. The complexion of the contest would be much different than at Churchill Downs. Forty Niner would go with Winning Colors right away and stay on her. It was possibly the determing factor in the outcome and with their struggle against each other, neither horse had any chance to win.

Woody Stephens and Lukas had a rivalry which was not exactly good natured. Lukas, a former quarter horse trainer, finally won his Derby and it was a female who gave it to him.  Stephens had already won the Derby twice, sending out Cannonade in 1974, as part of a record 23-horse field, and again ten years later with Swale, who took on nineteen others. Stephens also created a remarkable legacy by winning five consecutive Belmont Stakes races, beginning in 1982 with Conquistador Cielo, through Danzig Connection in 1986.

The Preakness Stakes, on May 21, was in one respect unfortunate because an outstanding colt, who was good enough to win the race himself, faltered badly due to the strategy involved in trying to get him to defeat the Derby winner. The contest turned into a contentious affair, and afterward the duel created at least as much notoriety as the winning horse had done.

The week of the race, the Pimlico track was muddy, but Risen Star worked three furlongs in :36 4/5. Roussel was concerned about the weather and there was speculation that Risen Star would not even run. The trainer had filled out a scratch card and didn't decide until as late as possible to enter his colt.

Nine horses lined up for the 113^th edition of racing's second Triple Crown jewel, and the big three in the Derby were right next to each other with Risen Star in post three, Forty Niner in post four, and Winning Colors in five. At the break Winning Colors and Forty Niner were both gunned to the lead. The contest became an intense, exhausting duel between the pair, with Winning Colors constantly being bumped in the backstretch and carried wide. The colt's connections denied any ill intent with the apparent purpose to merely get Forty Niner out on the track where the surface conditions were better. They also felt they needed to stay close to the filly to have a chance. Risen Star stalked the leaders along the rail, and after six furlongs in 1:11 1/5, the duel had taken its toll, and the son of Secretariat took a commanding lead. Eddie steered him out on the track, where the colt strongly bounded to the wire for a 1 ¼ length win in 1:56 1/5. Brian's Time was next followed by Winning Colors, who finished admirably another 1 ¼ lengths back. Forty Niner had the worst of it however, and faded to seventh, beaten by more than fourteen lengths. The son of Mr. Prospector would bypass the Belmont Stakes, and be freshened for races later in the summer and fall. Forty Niner would go on to win four of his next five starts, capturing the Haskell Invitational, Travers Stakes, and NYRA Mile, while losing by only a neck to eventual Horse of the Year Alysheba in the Woodward Stakes. Forty Niner concluded his career with a fifth place effort in the Breeders' Cup Classic. Despite his failure to win a Triple Crown race, Forty Niner had always been a fine racer and a champion, who flirted with greatness.

Risen Star's win had been due to his own good performance, aided by a clean trip; and he had clearly been the beneficiary of a speed duel. He now had another performance ahead, one which would define him.

Defining Moment

On June 11, the 120^th running of the 1 ½ mile Belmont Stakes drew a small field of six horses, with Cefis on the inside, Granacus in post two, Winning Colors in three, Kingpost in four, Risen Star in five, and Brian's Time in six. The day before, Risen Star had worked three furlongs in a blazing :33 3/5. Roussel wasn't happy about it and concerned that it might have taken too much out of his colt. But a twelve furlong race in cavernous Belmont Park would be the horse's defining moment.

When the field was sent off, Winning Colors took the early lead, but she was in deep water after six brisk furlongs in 1:11 4/5, as Risen Star ranged up alongside her. He subsequently began to exhibit the power that evoked memories of his sire, taking the lead and easily moving further and further away, as Winning Colors began to fade. At the wire Risen Star was 14 ¾ lengths ahead of Kingpost, with Brian's Time another two lengths back in third. His time of 2:26 2/5, was the second fastest clocking ever run, and his performance had brought him  closer than any horse to emulating his father. After Secretariat's run in 1973, only Easy Goer and A.P. Indy have since sped faster than Risen Star, and only Secretariat, Count Fleet, and Man o’War created wider winning margins. Winning Colors finished last more than forty-one lengths behind, but her courage was evident, and her luster in no way diminished. After three grueling races, it was vividly clear what was inside of her, and it was the heart of a champion.

Aftermath

There was ongoing speculation about Risen Star's future, whether he would race again, if he was sound, or perhaps be retired to stud. The early plans were for the colt to run in the Super Derby at Louisiana Downs in early fall, possibly the Jockey Club Gold Cup and ultimately the Breeders' Cup Classic. A four-year-old campaign in California was also considered.

At some point Risen Star had injured the suspensory ligament in his right foreleg. Recovery time precluded plans for summer/fall racing. In early summer, a deal was forged with Walmac International who bought a sizeable interest in the colt worth several million dollars, but which also closed the door on further racing beyond the current year. In late July, Risen Star was retired. He was later voted the Eclipse three-year-old male champion for 1988, a testament to both his own excellence and also his immortal sire.

In his relatively brief career, Risen Star never finished out of the money, recording 11 starts, 8 firsts, 2 seconds, 1 third and $2,029,845 in earnings. As a stallion at Walmac, his best progeny were Pimlico Special winner, Belmont Stakes placed, and millionaire Star Standard, and daughter Risen Raven, a German champion. Among Risen Star's many other offspring were Torch, a black-type winning filly, and the gelding Star Campaigner, a third place finisher in the American Derby.

Most Endearing

In later years, Risen Star suffered from bouts of colic and on March 13, 1998, this sweet horse died during colic surgery at age thirteen, and ten years to the day he’d won the Louisiana Derby. His death left the racing community grief stricken especially in New Orleans where perhaps his biggest fan club was a Catholic order of nuns called the Little Sisters of the Poor. Roussel had pledged to the order part of the colt's earnings.

If Risen Star did not establish himself as a truly great racehorse, it was only because he didn't have enough time to do so. Until his retirement, he was on his way to the highest pantheon and no doubt had he raced longer, would have been considered among the greats. But this blogger is understandably bias to a horse more endearing to him than any other over the past thirty years. There was only one Risen Star. He now runs alongside his father somewhere beyond the clouds. And a photograph of the big, dark bay, grazing in his paddock, sits affectionately on the writer's desk.

Resources

Daily Racing Form, Champions: The Lives, Times, and Past Performances of America's Greatest Thoroughbreds (New York: Daily Racing Form Press, 2005).

Steven Crist, “An Upset Won't Be Much of a Surprise,” The New York Times, May 21, 1988.

Dave Anderson, "Belmont Plot: Stevens vs. Stephens," The New York Times, May 22, 1988.

Steven Crist, "The Big Race Draws a Small Field of 6," The New York Times, June 10, 1988.

Steven Crist, "Risen Star Sizzles in Final Workout," The New York Times, June 11, 1988.

Steven Crist, "Risen Star Runs Away With the Belmont," The New York Times, June 12, 1988.

Paul Moran (Newsday), “Risen Star owners enter horse deal,” The Prescott Courier, June 26, 1988.

Associated Press, “Risen Star Enters Retirement,” The Harlan Daily Enterprise, July 25, 1988.

Thoroughbred Times Co., Inc., The Original Thoroughbred Times Racing Almanac 2009 (Lexington, KY: Thoroughbred Times Books, 2008).

Pedigreequery.com. http://www.pedigreequery.com/

Equineline.com. http://www.equineline.com/

Copyright 2011, 2012, 2013 by John Califano

A Tribute to Snow Chief

He remains the last California-bred horse to win an American Triple Crown race, a feat he accomplished twenty-five years ago. There are not enough superlatives to describe this wonderful horse with the sweet face and expressive eyes, who came from relatively humble roots to achieve great things and leave his own significant imprint on Thoroughbred racing.

Snow Chief, a smallish dark bay almost black colt, was bred by co-owner and breeder Carl Grinstead who was in partnership with Ben Rochelle, two elderly gentlemen affectionately known as the “Sunshine Boys.” Sired by Reflected Glory out of the Snow Sporting (ARG.) mare Miss Snowflake, Snow Chief was foaled on March 17, 1983 at Blue Diamond Ranch in California.

Family Ties

Reflected Glory, a Kentucky-bred dark bay/brown horse, was a racer of some quality, having recorded twenty-eights starts. At age two, he finished third in the one mile Remsen Stakes behind Damascus and Native Guile, then at three, won the 1 1/8 mile Flamingo, seven furlong Bahamas, and 1 1/8 mile Everglades Stakes. Miss Snowflake made only five starts with nothing significant to her credit, nor was she particularly distinguished as a broodmare. Her sire however, the dark bay/brown Snow Sporting, was a black-type winner from twenty starts, his most notable wins in the 1970 Charles H. Strub Stakes, contested that year at 1 1/8 miles, and the 1 ¼ mile Gulfstream Park Handicap. Snow Chief's grandsire was Jester, who made eighteen starts with victories in the National Stallion and Belmont Park's 6 ½ furlong Futurity Stakes. Jester was sired by the great handicap champion and 1953 Horse of the Year Tom Fool. Snow Chief's second dam, Bold Jewel, was a chestnut mare, who made only two starts, posting one win. Through her dam, Bold Contessa, Bold Jewel had roots tracing to Bold Ruler, while Bold Jewel's sire, Any Time Now, was out of the Khaled mare Time to Khal. Khaled also sired Swaps, widely considered the greatest California-bred racer of all time.

Building Foundation

Conditioned by Melvin F. Stute, Snow Chief began racing on June 19, 1985. Under jockey Rafael Meza, the colt won a five furlong Maiden Special Weight for state-breds by two and a half lengths at Hollywood Park, after covering a quarter in :22 4/5, the half in :45 2/5, and finishing in a solid :57 3/5. Eleven days later, in the Desert Wine, he finished a distant sixth in a field of nine, beaten by more than nine lengths. It was the only time he was off the board as a juvenile.

After sustaining bucked shins, Snow Chief returned on September 5 and captured the restricted six furlong Rancho Santa Fe Stakes at Del Mar by one and three quarter lengths, covering the distance in 1:10. The colt raced again a week later in the one mile Del Mar Futurity (Gr. 1), and finished third as the previous year's Eclipse two-year-old champion Tasso, outlasted the filly Arewehavingfunyet by a neck.

On October 2, Snow Chief moved across town to Santa Anita for opening day of the Oak Tree meeting and was entered in the seven furlong Sunny Slope Stakes against seven other runners. Louisiana Slew, a son of Seattle Slew, got the jump out of the gate and maintained his position as Snow Chief, giving the leader four pounds, pursued him gamely only to fall short by a neck at the wire. Snow Chief also had a new rider named Alex Solis, and it was Solis who would guide the horse to many of his momentous performances.

Eleven days later, Snow Chief turned things around with his first grade one victory, a decisive three length score in the 1 1/16 mile Norfolk Stakes, which also marked his first outing going a distance of ground. His time was 1:44 3/5. He continued moving forward on November 2 in the one mile B.J. Ridder Stakes for state breds, outlasting Variety Road by a head, while giving the runner-up seven pounds. After returning to Hollywood Park on November 29, Snow Chief's two race win streak was curtailed in the one mile Hoist the Flag Stakes, taken off the turf, as Darby Dan ran away from five rivals by five lengths on a sloppy surface.

Snow Chief's next start was the Hollywood Futurity (Gr.1) on December 15. Solis, after working the horse with added equipment, made a recommendation which proved to be a boom for the horse: blinkers. After breaking fifth of nine, Snow Chief soon gained the lead and never looked back, crossing the wire six and a half lengths ahead in the excellent time of 1:34 1/5. Back in second was Electric Blue and just a nose behind him in third was a horse named Ferdinand, conditioned by the great horseman Charles Whittingham, and whom Snow Chief would meet many times over the next two years.

His two-year-old campaign now concluded, Snow Chief had racked up nine starts with five wins, two seconds, one third, one unplaced finish and earnings over $935,000. He was named the Golden State's Horse of the Year and champion juvenile male.

Million Dollar Horse

Snow Chief would make a historic run at Santa Anita on January 12. His first start as a three-year-old was in the seven furlong state-bred California Breeders' Champion Stakes. Well back, he took the overland route and made a move turning for home, took the lead a furlong from the finish, and drew away by four lengths. The time was a swift 1:21 3/5. The purse worth over $115,000, netted Snow Chief $70,800, which put his career earning at $1,006,540. He was now the youngest horse in history to go over the million dollar mark.

Snow Chief now headed north and kept rolling with a two and a half length score in the El Camino Real Derby (Gr. 3) at Bay Meadows. The win raised Snow Chief's overall earnings to $1,144,040, behind only Ancient Title and Silveyville among all-time Cal-breds.

Snow Chief and Badger Land would now travel east.

Florida Invasion

The $500,000 Florida Derby (Gr. 1) was a major prep on the road to Churchill Downs. It was now being challenged by two invaders from the West Coast, and no California-bred had won the race since Candy Spots back in 1963. But on March 1, at Gulfstream Park, in Florida's biggest race for three-year-olds, the California-bred Snow Chief and California raced Badger Land, delivered a one-two knockout punch.

Snow Chief set the early pace along with Glow. In the backstretch the son of Reflected Glory took the lead, keeping to the rail, with Badger Land a close second. Having separated themselves from the rest of the field, the two came roaring toward the wire, with Snow Chief having a slight advantage. At the finish Snow Chief was ahead by one and three-quarter lengths in a pedestrian 1:51 4/5 for the 1 1/8 mile race, the slowest since Nashua's 1:53 1/5 in 1955, when he ran over slop. The manner in which Snow Chief had won was the important element however, the decisiveness of the move, and his superiority. He had defeated the Fountain of Youth winner My Prince Charming and Mogambo, the previous year's Champagne Stakes winner, and now stood at the head of the class. Mogambo would later defeat Groovy in the Gotham and Badger Land would annex the Flamingo Stakes. Both would make appearances on the first Saturday in May. The feeling was that his Florida Derby win put him on top of any three-year-old in the country.

Inspiring

Having conquered Florida, Snow Chief intended to do it again in his home state. But while the Florida Derby had comprised a field of sixteen, California's big prep, the Santa Anita Derby (Gr. 1), worth $400,000, would only have seven entries. Breaking from the rail was Variety Road, winner of the San Rafael and San Felipe Stakes. Next to him was Ferdinand who had won the Santa Catalina.* The favorite Snow Chief was in post three. When the gates opened, Snow Chief soon took charge of the proceedings, and set reasonable fractions of :47 1/5, 1:11, and a 1:36 mile. When Icy Groom made a challenge, Solis urged Snow Chief and he took off with a six length winning margin at the wire, with a final time of 1:48 3/5 for the 1 1/8 mile run. Icy Groom secured second, a length ahead of the third horse, who just happened to be Ferdinand.

Snow Chief would make his next start in America's greatest horse race. Ferdinand would be there to.

Critics

Snow Chief would arrive at Churchill Downs as a favorite for the 112^th running of the Kentucky Derby (Gr. 1). But he had detractors who didn't feel he would be up to the job, bringing up arguments not the least which was his California breeding. Snow Chief and his connections were certainly in it to win it. With a $784,400 purse, $609,400 would be given to the horse who crossed the wire first, very nice cash for roughly a two minute lick.

Disappointment

On May 3, 1986, Snow Chief and fifteen other three-year-olds entered the starting gate, for the Run for the Roses. Soon after the gates opened, Snow Chief, breaking from post twelve, was in fourth, three lengths back of the leader. Groovy, a fast sprinter, ridden by Laffit Pincay, Jr., broke from the fourteen hole and took the early lead. Ferdinand, in post one and under 54-year-old Bill Shoemaker, had broken poorly and left far behind in the early going. Snow Chief was fairly close to the pace as Groovy cut out a half in :45 1/5; but this was too fast and Groovy began to drop back preciptiously, ultimately to finish last, almost fifty lengths behind the winner. Snow Chief was among three others vying for the lead as they turned for home, and then called it an afternoon. Ferdinand, who had been as much as twenty lengths back in the earlier going, was eating up ground, was the new leader after a mile and advanced to the wire more than two lengths ahead of the English-bred Bold Arrangement, in a time of 2:02 4/5 over a surface labeled fast. Snow Chief had emptied out, perhaps trying to stay near Groovy earlier in the race, and faded to eleventh, nineteen and a half lengths behind the winner.

Snow Chief's connections were crestfallen over their horse's poor performance, but they would regroup and try again in two weeks at Pimlico.

Emulating Candy Spots

Not only had Candy Spots been the previous California-bred horse to win the Florida Derby, but he was also the last to win racing's second jewel of the Triple Crown. Could Snow Chief continue emulating him? There were over 87,000 spectators in attendance at Pimlico Racecourse on May 17, in addition to seven horses wanting to snatch more glory away from Ferdinand. Snow Chief would try and Broad Brush, who finished third in the Derby, also wanted another shot. And Groovy was back, but this time he had a new rider, named Craig Perret, who was able to get the mount to take it slower.

Snow Chief was parked in post position two, Groovy in four, and Ferdinand five. When they were off, Groovy once again dictated things, but this time he covered a half in :47 2/5. He continued through three quarters in 1:11, which was nearly a second slower than the Derby. Snow Chief, who was in the early mix again, took the lead after about a mile, run in 1:36, moved strongly around the far turn, and created separation in the stretch. Ferdinand was also moving well, but was never a threat, as Snow Chief crossed the wire four lengths to the good with Ferdinand next, followed by Broad Brush. Snow Chief's final time was 1:54 4/5 and with nearly $412,000 netted for the effort, his career earnings were now over $2 million.

Although Snow Chief's owners considered bringing him back for the Belmont Stakes, it didn't happen, probably at the insistence of Stute, who felt the 1 ½ mile grind would take too much out of him. The decision was made to opt for the one million dollar Jersey Derby (Gr.2) contested at 1 ¼ miles in nine days.

Impressive Moves

Snow Chief, Mogambo, and Tasso were among the ten runners in the lineup at Garden State Park, New Jersey for the Jersey Derby. Out the gate, Snow Chief wasted no time taking the initiative from Mogambo, and led the group around the oval, widening his advantage in the backstretch, setting splits of :47, 1;11 2/5 and 1:37, before coming home two lengths ahead in 2:03. Mogambo followed one and a half lengths in front of Tasso.

Snow Chief returned to California for a brief respite, before taking on eleven rivals in Hollywood Park's one mile Silver Screen Handicap (Gr.2) on July 5. Also among the starters was an gray Cal-bred filly named Melair, trained by John Sadler. Melair was extremely fast and undefeated in five starts. When the dust finally settled, Melair had run the fastest time ever for a female racer, stopping the clock in a blistering 1:32 4/5, with a six and a half length winning margin. Southern Halo was next, and in third, another four and a half lengths back, was Snow Chief, who had carried high weight of 127, giving the winner twelve pounds and runner-up fourteen.

During the summer, a bone chip was discovered in Snow Chief's right knee. He undersent arthropscopic surgery and was out of action until late December when he returned in the seven furlong Malibu Stakes (Gr. 2) at Santa Anita. Under high weight of 126, he dropped a one and a quarter length decision to his old rival Ferdinand, in receipt of three pounds.

Champion

Snow Chief collected a $20,000 paycheck for the Malibu Stakes which brought his year's earnings to $1,875,200, making him the sport's money leader. He had recorded nine starts, six wins, three of these grade one races, one second, one third, and his only unplaced effort was the Derby. His overall performance was superior to any other three-year-old and in January 1987, he was voted the '86 Eclipse three-year-old champion. Stute also trained the year's Eclipse two-year-old champion filly Brave Raj.

Turning for Home

The four-year-old Snow Chief would make six starts in 1987, five of these grade one races and a grade 2, starting with the 1 1/8 mile San Fernando Stakes at Santa Anita on January 18. He finished third, three and a half lengths behind the winner Variety Road and Broad Brush. He returned on February 8 for the 1 ¼ mile Charles H. Strub Stakes and his fifth encounter with Ferdinand. Snow Chief led throughout, but Ferdinand was stalking closely and the two rivals hooked up in the stretch run. At the wire, Snow Chief had his nose down first in the very good time of 2:00 flat but well off the stakes, track and world record of 1:57 4/5 set by Spectacular Bid in 1980.

In his rivalry with Ferdinand, Snow Chief had won twice, Ferdinand twice and Snow Chief finished third to Ferdinand's fourth in the San Fernando. One month later, in the Santa Anita Handicap (Gr. 1) the two brilliant horses would meet again, neither finishing on top, but Ferdinand had the better run, finishing second, beaten only a nose by Broad Brush, while Snow Chief was fifth, seven lengths behind the winner.

At the end of the month Snow Chief traveled back to Florida for the Gulfstream Park Handicap and his third consecutive 1 ¼ mile race. Giving six pounds to eventual winner Skip Trial and four to runner-up Crème Fraich, Snow Chief came home third. One of his best races was still ahead of him.

The son of Reflected Glory traveled to Oaklawn Park in Arkansas for the Oaklawn Handicap (Gr.2) on April 17. In a field of seven, Snow Chief and Lyphard's Ridge vied for the lead until Snow Chief grabbed it for keeps in the backstretch. Rounding the far turn, he began to pull away while covering six panels in 1:10 1/5 and a mile in 1:34 3/5. He roared home keeping late closer Red Attack safe by three-quarters of a length. Snow Chief had negotiated the 1 1/8 miles in 1:46 3/5, which eclipsed Wild Again's old mark set in 1984.

Exit

Snow Chief resumed racing on June 7 in Hollywood Park's 1 1/8 mile Californian, but finished third after carrying 126 pounds, conceding eight and eleven pounds to winner Judge Angelucci and second horse Iron Eyes respectively. He did not come out of the contest unscathed and suffered an injured tendon to his left front leg. It was Snow Chief's last start.

This wonderful colt excited with 24 starts, 13 wins, 3 seconds and 5 thirds. His career earnings of $3,383,210 was the fourth highest ever at that time. Snow Chief then became the first California-bred horse to become a stallion in his home state after receiving an Eclipse award.

The Stallion

Snow Chief began his second career as a stallion at Mira Loma Farm before moving to Eagle Oak Ranch. Among his progeny were grade 2 winning gelding College Town from 64 starts, and black-type winner Snow Blink, a dark bay/brown horse from 97 starts. A few of his non-black-type winners were the gelding Arp, from 119 starts, Arriving Snow from 36 starts, and the gray/roan filly Mimi's Cafe from 38 starts.

Named after the great horse, Hollywood Park's 1 1/8 mile Snow Chief Stakes is the richest California-bred race.

Farewell to a Champion

Snow Chief enjoyed a long life in California. On May 15, 2010, the same day as the 135th Preakness, where he had experienced his greatest moment a quarter of a century ago, Snow Chief died of an apparent heart attack at Eagle Oak at age twenty-seven. Snow Chief was a worthy champion, a horse who came from relative obscurity to do great things. His legacy and achievements will never be forgotten and Thoroughbred racing will always be indebted to him for the significant contributions he added to it.

*The Santa Catalina Stakes was renamed the Robert B. Lewis Stakes a few years ago.

Resources and Suggested Reading

Daily Racing Form, The American Racing Manual, 1992 (Highstown, N.J., Daily Racing Form, 1992).

Daily Racing Form, Champions: The Lives, Times, and Past Performances of America's Greatest Thoroughbreds (New York: Daily Racing Form Press, 2005).

Associated Press report, Ocala Star-Banner, September 5, 1985.

Associated Press, “Louisiana Slew Scores,” Ocala Star-Banner, October 3, 1985.

Associated Press, “Snow Chief's new headgear an improvement,” The Miami News, December 16, 1985.

Emily Shields, “Snow Chief: King Of His Domain,” California Thoroughbred, July 2010.

“Snow Chief youngest to top a million,” New Straits Times, January 14, 1986.

“Rich Horse Wins,” The Spokesman-Review, February 3, 1986.

Art Grace, “Stute, Snow Chief could do no wrong,” The Miami News, March 3, 1986.

Thoroughbred Times Co. Inc., The Original Thoroughbred Times Racing Almanac, 2009 (Lexington, KY: Thoroughbred Times Books, 2008).

Bernie Dickman, “Snow Chief Takes Big Step With Florida Derby Victory,” Ocala Star-Banner, March 2, 1986.

Joey Holleman (Associated Press writer), “Hialeah Taken By Badger Land,” Aiken Standard, April 6, 1986.

Larry Bortstein, “Snow Chief makes derby race old hat,” The Orange County Register, April 7, 1986.

Bill Christine, “Derby Favorite Snow Chief Gets Little Respect” (from the Los Angeles Times), The Post-Standard, May 3, 1986.

Associated Press, “Snow Chief pulls away to capture Preakness,” The Salina Journal, May 18, 1986.

Larry Bortstein, “Melair shows the boys with 1:32 4/5 mile,” The Orange County Register, July 6, 1986.

Associated Press, “Surgery For Snow Chief,” Toledo Blade, July 12, 1986.

Associated Press, “Ferdinand and Snow Chief take the battle to the Wire,” The Miami News, February 9, 1987.

Harry King, “Snow Chief Shakes Off Challenges,” Schenectady Gazette, April 18, 1987.

U.P.I., “Snow Chief's run could be over,” The Courier, June 14, 1987.

Associated Press, “Snow Chief Stays Put. Famed Horse At Mira Loma,” Ocala Star-Banner, July 9, 1987.

Jack Shinar, “Snow Chief Stakes Tops Hollywood's Gold Rush,” BloodHorse.com, April 21, 23, 2011.

Equineline.com. http://www.equineline.com/

Pedigreequery.com. http://www.pedigreequery.com/

Copyright 2011, 2012 by John Califano

Beacon of New Orleans - Part Two: Path to Prominence

In appearance, the leggy son bore no resemblance to his father Secretariat, but instead had the looks and color of grandsire Bold Ruler, while inheriting the athletic gifts of both. The progeny, Risen Star, would develop into a beautiful 17-hand dark bay colt, bred for the American classic races, where he would bring the fullness of his potential over the maximum range of these distances. Possessed of tremendous talent, great stamina, and the capacity to carry speed, he would climax his career in a manner that didn't merely defeat his opponents, but overwhelm them.

Promise of Youth

On September 24, 1987, Risen Star, with Bobby Walker aboard, made an auspicous debut, breaking his maiden in the 6 1/2 furlong Minstrel Stakes at Louisiana Downs. Well back through the first half mile, he came on with a strong late run a furlong out to beat Chadra by a length. The time on the fast track was 1:19. Three weeks later, in the venue's seven furlong Sport of Kings Futurity, in a field of six, the colt kept closer to the pace but couldn't sustain his run, finishing a distant second as Success Express ran off by fifteeen lengths. Success Express later went on to capture the Breeders Cup Juvenile in record time during one of the race's few editions contested at a mile. Risen Star had been soundly beaten but it was in a contest where the trip and shorter distance did not suit his style.

Surface Versatility

In addition to co-owning and training the colt, Louis Roussel III was also principal owner of the Fair Grounds racetrack where Risen Star made his next five starts under jockey Shane Romero. He had apparently been blessed with his sire's affinity for the lawn. On December 6, in his lone start on turf, Risen Star easily won a 7 1/2 furlong allowance by four lengths over eleven rivals. Well back after the start, and in mid-pack at a half mile, he moved around the far turn, then advanced with authority in the stretch, increasing his margin to the wire. His brief juvenile stint of three starts, two wins and a second, was over.

Preliminaries

Risen Star's three-year-old season began on January 2, 1988 in an allowance. Stretching out for the first time to 1 1/16 miles, he broke from post five in a field of seven, bid his time through four furlongs, assumed command around the far turn, then proceeded to run up the score by ten lengths as he crossed the wire in 1:47 3/5 on a good track.

In the February 6^th, 1 1/16 mile Le Comte Handicap, Risen Star conceded ten to fourteen pounds to six other horses. Among the entries was the front running Pastourelles, ridden by Walker, Risen Star's first rider. At the break, Pastourelles was the first away and maintained his position, while Risen Star, who had drawn the outside post in a field of seven, raced wide in the backstretch. He attempted to engage Pastourelles aound the far turn, but when they arrived home, Risen Star was one and a quarter lengths shy, with Run Paul Run another three lengths back in third. Three weeks later, in the one mile, 40 yard Louisiana Derby Trial, Risen Star faced Pastourelles again. Another good runner entering the fray was Jim's Orbit, who had won or placed in eight of his ten previous starts, earned more than a quarter of a million dollars, and had faced some of the best runners as a two-year-old; but he hadn't raced in four months and would carry high weight of 122, giving two to thirteen pounds to eleven horses. Risen Star, breaking from post eleven in the twelve-horse field, was under 120. Longshot Lousiana Bred led through six furlongs in 1:12 2/5, before giving way to Pastourelles in the stretch. Risen Star had been well off the pace again, before making his powerful late bid, caught Pastourelles approaching the finish, and crossed the wire one length to the good in a sharp time of 1:40. Jim's Orbit didn't have the best trip and finished more than three lengths back in third.

Close Call

Risen Star would be the favorite going into the 63^rd edition of Fair Grounds' signature race, the 1 1/16 mile Lousiana Derby. Run on Sunday, March 13, Risen Star would break from post position one in the field of seven, and because imposts were assigned based on earnings, he would carry three pounds less than four other runners, Jim's Orbit, Honest Roy, Never Force and the sprinter Dee Lance, who all topped out at 123. Pastourelles was also in, under 118, and would break next to Risen Star. In post five was a California invader named Word Pirate, just off a win in a one mile and forty yard allowance, and had finished fifth in the 1987 Breeders' Cup Juvenile. Riding Word Pirate would be one of the preeminent jockeys in the sport but who currently did not have a horse for the Kentucky Derby: Eddie Delahoussye.

The day before the race, Risen Star had given his connections a scare. While being bathed, the colt reared and fell on one of his hocks and shoulder. Fortunately there were no broken bones, but none-the-less, he had been traumatized, and there was some uncertainty whether he would be ready to start. The mishap had been a close call, but on Sunday, Risen Star showed up ready to run.

Risen Star kept near the rail and bid his time in sixth. Dee Lance set solid but reasonable fractions of :24 1/5, :47 3/5, and 1:12, but having never traveled beyond six and a half furlongs, was all in at this point. Pastourelles inherited the lead but Risen Star was moving powerfully and surged between him and Dee Lance. He opened daylight and crossed the wire one and three-quarter lengths in front. Word Pirate was able to close for second, three-quarters of a length ahead of Pastourelles. Risen Star sped the distance in a rapid 1:43 1/5, that hovered near the track mark.

Meeting a Champion

Risen Star finally left his familiar Louisiana, and journeyed to Keeneland for the 1 1/16 mile Lexington Stakes on April 16, where he would meet the previous year's juvenile male champion Forty Niner, an extremely good colt, and worthy of an Eclipse title. Forty Niner, a son of Mr. Prospector out of the Tom Rolfe mare File, was trained by Woody Stephens, and had already made ten starts since his two-year-old season, capturing such prestigious races as the Sanford, Belmont Futurity, Champagne, and Breeders' Futurity, before continuing at age three to win the Fountain of Youth. He lost by a neck to Brian's Time in the Florida Derby, while giving the winner four pounds, but returned in early April to take Keeneland's seven furlong Lafayette Stakes. He had won or placed from six to nine furlongs, and could run on various surface conditions, but there was a question whether he'd want ten furlongs on the first Saturday in May.

This was Risen Star's last stop before his own appearance at Churchill Downs for America's most famous horse race, and he was facing his most formidible rival to date in Forty Niner, under jockey Pat Day, the nation's Eclipse Award jockey over the previous two years. Risen Star hadn't raced in over a month and would carry 118 pounds to Forty Niner's 121, the latter who was making his second start in eight days.

In the small field of five, Risen Star, under Jacinto Vasquez, was parked outside with Forty Niner next door. When the group was sent off, Buck Forbes took the group along, covering a quarter in :24, the half in :48, and six furlongs in 1:12 2/5. Forty Niner and Stalwars were stalking, while Risen Star was trailing the field. Exiting the far turn, Forty Niner went to the front. Risen Star was also advancing, drew even with the new leader, and managed to get his head in front at the wire, stopping the clock in 1:42 4/5.

In three weeks, the gallant Forty Niner would attempt to even the score with Risen Star as the two prepared to run in the biggest race of their lives. They would have a lot of company including a colt unbeaten in seven starts, and a front running gray/roan filly who had just destroyed her male rivals in California's premiere three-year-old race. But for Risen Star, the path taken was clearly the right one.

To be continued...

Sources

Associated Press. “Risen Star wins in LaDowns debut.” The Times-Picayune, September 25, 1987.

Fair Grounds charts. The Times-Picayune, December 7, 1987.

Fair Grounds charts. The Times-Picayune, January 3, 1988.

Bob Roesler. “Le Comte stirs up ambition.” The Times-Picayune, February 6, 1988.

Bob Fortus. “Pastourelles edges Risen Star at FG.” The Times-Picayune, February 7, 1988.

Fair Grounds charts. The Times-Picayune, February 7, 1988.

Bob Fortus. “Jim's Orbit to carry top weight in Trial.” The Times-Picayune, February 27, 1988.

Bob Fortus. “Risen Star rallies from 9^th to win.” The Times-Picayune, February 28, 1988.

Fair Grounds charts. The Times-Picayune, February 28, 1988.

Bob Roesler. “Delahoussaye eyeing mounts.” The Times-Picayune, March 12, 1988.

Bob Fortus. “Risen Star favored on early derby line.” The Times-Picayune, March 12, 1988.

Bob Fortus. “Risen Star's status for Derby uncertain.” The Times-Picayune. March 13, 1988.

Bob Fortus. “Risen Star powers down stretch, wins Derby.” The Times-Picayune, March 14, 1988.

Fair Grounds charts. The Times-Picayune, March 14, 1988.

Steven Crist. “Risen Star Edges Forty Niner.” The New York Times, April 17, 1988.

Associated Press. “Risen Star Edges Aiken-trained Forty Niner.” Aiken Standard, April 17, 1988.

Daily Racing Form, Champions: The Lives, Times, and Pas Performances of America's Greatest Thoroughbreds (New York: Daily Racing Form Press, 2005).

Copyright 2011, 2012, 2013 by John Califano